Shreyas Harita1, Patrick W Stroman1,2,3. 1. Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. 2. Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. 3. Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to investigate networks within the cortex, but its use in the brainstem (BS) and spinal cord (SC) has been limited. This region presents challenges for fMRI, partly because of sources of physiological noise. This study aims to quantify noise contributions to rs-fMRI, and to obtain evidence of resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fluctuations. METHODS: Resting-state-fMRI data were obtained from the BS/SC in 16 participants, at 3 Tesla, with T2 -weighted single-shot fast spin-echo imaging. The peripheral pulse, respiration, and expired CO2 were recorded continuously. Physiological noise was modeled from these recordings, movement parameters, and white matter regions. Model fits were then subtracted from the data. BOLD contributions were then investigated through connectivity. RESULTS: Bulk motion was the largest contributor to the signal variance (19% of the total), followed by cardiac-related motion (14%), nonspecific signal variations detected in white matter (10%), respiratory-related motion (2.6%), and end-tidal CO2 variations (0.7%). After noise was removed, significant left-right connectivity was detected in the SC dorsal horns and ventral horns. CONCLUSIONS: Resting-state BOLD fluctuations are demonstrated in the SC, as are the dominant noise contributions. These findings are an essential step toward establishing rs-fMRI in the BS/SC. Magn Reson Med 78:2149-2156, 2017.
PURPOSE: Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) has been used to investigate networks within the cortex, but its use in the brainstem (BS) and spinal cord (SC) has been limited. This region presents challenges for fMRI, partly because of sources of physiological noise. This study aims to quantify noise contributions to rs-fMRI, and to obtain evidence of resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fluctuations. METHODS: Resting-state-fMRI data were obtained from the BS/SC in 16 participants, at 3 Tesla, with T2 -weighted single-shot fast spin-echo imaging. The peripheral pulse, respiration, and expired CO2 were recorded continuously. Physiological noise was modeled from these recordings, movement parameters, and white matter regions. Model fits were then subtracted from the data. BOLD contributions were then investigated through connectivity. RESULTS: Bulk motion was the largest contributor to the signal variance (19% of the total), followed by cardiac-related motion (14%), nonspecific signal variations detected in white matter (10%), respiratory-related motion (2.6%), and end-tidal CO2 variations (0.7%). After noise was removed, significant left-right connectivity was detected in the SC dorsal horns and ventral horns. CONCLUSIONS: Resting-state BOLD fluctuations are demonstrated in the SC, as are the dominant noise contributions. These findings are an essential step toward establishing rs-fMRI in the BS/SC. Magn Reson Med 78:2149-2156, 2017.
Authors: Gabriela Ioachim; Howard J M Warren; Jocelyn M Powers; Roland Staud; Caroline F Pukall; Patrick W Stroman Journal: Front Neurol Date: 2022-05-06 Impact factor: 4.086
Authors: Tung-Lin Wu; Feng Wang; Arabinda Mishra; George H Wilson; Nellie Byun; Li Min Chen; John C Gore Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2017-09-14 Impact factor: 4.668
Authors: Benjamin N Conrad; Robert L Barry; Baxter P Rogers; Satoshi Maki; Arabinda Mishra; Saakshi Thukral; Subramaniam Sriram; Aashim Bhatia; Siddharama Pawate; John C Gore; Seth A Smith Journal: Brain Date: 2018-06-01 Impact factor: 13.501
Authors: Lindsey R Yessick; Caroline F Pukall; Gabriela Ioachim; Susan M Chamberlain; Patrick W Stroman Journal: Front Pain Res (Lausanne) Date: 2021-08-12