Darline El Reda1,2, Peter Ström3, Sven Sandin4, Jin-Kyoung Oh5, Hans-Olov Adami3,6,7, Marie Löf8, Elisabete Weiderpass3,9,10,11. 1. Department of Public Health Practice, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University Kuwait City, Kuwait. 2. Division of Public Health, Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan, USA. 3. Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, New York, USA. 5. Cancer Risk Appraisal and Prevention Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea. 6. Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 8. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 9. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway. 10. Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland. 11. Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the determinants of 12-year weight change among middle-aged women in Sweden. METHODS: In 1991/1992, 49,259 women across Sweden were recruited into a cohort. In 2003, 34,402 (73%) completed follow-up. Lifestyle and health characteristics including weight were collected, and 12-year weight change and substantial weight gain (≥+5.0 kg) were calculated; association between baseline characteristics and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of substantial weight gain were estimated. RESULTS: During the 12-year follow-up, 81% of women experienced weight gain. Being above average weight (64.5 kg) at baseline (OR =1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.26) and smoking 1 to 9 (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20), 10 to 19 (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.21-1.39), or ≥20 cigarettes daily (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04-1.32) increased a woman's odds of experiencing substantial weight gain (influenced by smoking cessation). In contrast, risk of substantial weight gain was reduced among women 45 to 50 years of age (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73-0.85), women reporting high alcohol consumption (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98), and those with medium (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-1.00) or high (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.90) physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of women experienced weight gain during middle age. Population-specific determinants of weight gain should guide obesity prevention efforts.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the determinants of 12-year weight change among middle-aged women in Sweden. METHODS: In 1991/1992, 49,259 women across Sweden were recruited into a cohort. In 2003, 34,402 (73%) completed follow-up. Lifestyle and health characteristics including weight were collected, and 12-year weight change and substantial weight gain (≥+5.0 kg) were calculated; association between baseline characteristics and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of substantial weight gain were estimated. RESULTS: During the 12-year follow-up, 81% of women experienced weight gain. Being above average weight (64.5 kg) at baseline (OR =1.20, 95% CI: 1.14-1.26) and smoking 1 to 9 (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.20), 10 to 19 (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.21-1.39), or ≥20 cigarettes daily (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04-1.32) increased a woman's odds of experiencing substantial weight gain (influenced by smoking cessation). In contrast, risk of substantial weight gain was reduced among women 45 to 50 years of age (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.73-0.85), women reporting high alcohol consumption (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98), and those with medium (OR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-1.00) or high (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77-0.90) physical activity levels. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of women experienced weight gain during middle age. Population-specific determinants of weight gain should guide obesity prevention efforts.