Alexandros Nicolaou1, Zhen Zhao1, Bernd H Northoff1, Kristina Sass1, Andreas Herbst1, Alexander Kohlmaier1, Athena Chalaris1, Christian Wolfrum1, Christian Weber1, Sabine Steffens1, Stefan Rose-John1, Daniel Teupser1, Lesca M Holdt2. 1. From the Institute of Laboratory Medicine (A.N., B.H.N., K.S., A.H., A.K., D.T., L.M.H.) and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (Z.Z., C.Weber, S.S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany (A.C., S.R.-J.); Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland (C.Wolfrum); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C. Weber, S.S.). 2. From the Institute of Laboratory Medicine (A.N., B.H.N., K.S., A.H., A.K., D.T., L.M.H.) and Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (Z.Z., C.Weber, S.S.), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany (A.C., S.R.-J.); Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland (C.Wolfrum); and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (C. Weber, S.S.). lesca.holdt@med.uni-muenchen.de.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) is a sheddase releasing different types of membrane-bound proteins, including adhesion molecules, cytokines, and their receptors as well as inflammatory mediators. Because these substrates modulate important mechanisms of atherosclerosis, we hypothesized that ADAM17 might be involved in the pathogenesis of this frequent disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Because Adam17-knockout mice are not viable, we studied the effect of Adam17 deficiency on atherosclerosis in Adam17 hypomorphic mice (Adam17ex/ex), which have low residual Adam17 expression. To induce atherosclerosis, mice were crossed onto the low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-deficient background. We found that Adam17ex/ex.Ldlr-/- mice developed ≈1.5-fold larger atherosclerotic lesions, which contained more macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells than wild-type littermate controls (Adam17wt/wt.Ldlr-/-). Reduced Adam17-mediated shedding led to significantly increased protein levels of membrane-resident TNFα (tumor necrosis factor) and TNFR2 (tumor necrosis factor receptor 2), resulting in a constitutive activation of TNFR2 signaling. At the same time, Adam17 deficiency promoted proatherosclerotic cellular functions, such as increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis in cultured macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells and increased adhesion of macrophages to vascular endothelial cells. Because siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated knockdown of Tnfr2 rescued from aberrant proliferation and from misregulation of apoptosis in Adam17-depleted cells, our data indicate that TNFR2 is an important effector of ADAM17 in our mouse model. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence for an atheroprotective role of ADAM17, which might be mediated by cleaving membrane-bound TNFα and TNFR2, thereby preventing overactivation of endogenous TNFR2 signaling in cells of the vasculature.
OBJECTIVE: ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) is a sheddase releasing different types of membrane-bound proteins, including adhesion molecules, cytokines, and their receptors as well as inflammatory mediators. Because these substrates modulate important mechanisms of atherosclerosis, we hypothesized that ADAM17 might be involved in the pathogenesis of this frequent disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Because Adam17-knockout mice are not viable, we studied the effect of Adam17 deficiency on atherosclerosis in Adam17 hypomorphic mice (Adam17ex/ex), which have low residual Adam17 expression. To induce atherosclerosis, mice were crossed onto the low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-deficient background. We found that Adam17ex/ex.Ldlr-/- mice developed ≈1.5-fold larger atherosclerotic lesions, which contained more macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells than wild-type littermate controls (Adam17wt/wt.Ldlr-/-). Reduced Adam17-mediated shedding led to significantly increased protein levels of membrane-resident TNFα (tumor necrosis factor) and TNFR2 (tumor necrosis factor receptor 2), resulting in a constitutive activation of TNFR2 signaling. At the same time, Adam17 deficiency promoted proatherosclerotic cellular functions, such as increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis in cultured macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells and increased adhesion of macrophages to vascular endothelial cells. Because siRNA (small interfering RNA)-mediated knockdown of Tnfr2 rescued from aberrant proliferation and from misregulation of apoptosis in Adam17-depleted cells, our data indicate that TNFR2 is an important effector of ADAM17 in our mouse model. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence for an atheroprotective role of ADAM17, which might be mediated by cleaving membrane-bound TNFα and TNFR2, thereby preventing overactivation of endogenous TNFR2 signaling in cells of the vasculature.
Authors: Hong S Lu; Ann Marie Schmidt; Robert A Hegele; Nigel Mackman; Daniel J Rader; Christian Weber; Alan Daugherty Journal: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol Date: 2018-10 Impact factor: 8.311
Authors: Jingjing Tang; Jeremy M Frey; Carole L Wilson; Angela Moncada-Pazos; Clémence Levet; Matthew Freeman; Michael E Rosenfeld; E Richard Stanley; Elaine W Raines; Karin E Bornfeldt Journal: Mol Cell Biol Date: 2018-08-15 Impact factor: 4.272