Mitsuaki Kimura1, Yasunori Ito2, Masaki Shimomura3, Hideaki Morishita3, Takaaki Meguro3, Yuichi Adachi2, Shiro Seto3. 1. Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. Electronic address: mitsuaki-kimura@i.shizuoka-pho.jp. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. 3. Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is supposed to be caused by inflammation, the role of cytokines has not yet been clarified. METHODS: To elucidate the role of cytokines in the development of symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings at an oral food challenge (OFC), changes in serum cytokine levels were analyzed for 6 OFCs in 4 patients with FPIES. The result of OFC was judged positive if any gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea, or bloody stool) were induced. RESULTS: Among 11 cytokines profiled, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, and IL-8 were clearly increased in all 4 positive OFCs in which elevations of the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and peripheral blood neutrophilia were also seen. The level of serum IL-10 also rose in 2 positive OFCs. Remarkable increases in the serum level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-12 were observed in a positive OFC where the serum level of CRP rose markedly (6.75 mg/dL). The serum levels of IL-5 were also elevated in 2 negative OFCs. No apparent specific correlations were found between cytokines and GI symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that IL-2 and IL-8 are involved in the antigen-specific immune responses in most patients with FPIES. Further studies are needed to elucidate the significance of these cytokine in the pathogenesis of FPIES.
BACKGROUND: Although food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is supposed to be caused by inflammation, the role of cytokines has not yet been clarified. METHODS: To elucidate the role of cytokines in the development of symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings at an oral food challenge (OFC), changes in serum cytokine levels were analyzed for 6 OFCs in 4 patients with FPIES. The result of OFC was judged positive if any gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea, or bloody stool) were induced. RESULTS: Among 11 cytokines profiled, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, and IL-8 were clearly increased in all 4 positive OFCs in which elevations of the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and peripheral blood neutrophilia were also seen. The level of serum IL-10 also rose in 2 positive OFCs. Remarkable increases in the serum level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-12 were observed in a positive OFC where the serum level of CRP rose markedly (6.75 mg/dL). The serum levels of IL-5 were also elevated in 2 negative OFCs. No apparent specific correlations were found between cytokines and GI symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that IL-2 and IL-8 are involved in the antigen-specific immune responses in most patients with FPIES. Further studies are needed to elucidate the significance of these cytokine in the pathogenesis of FPIES.
Authors: Sebastian A Jensen; Alessandro Fiocchi; Ton Baars; Galateja Jordakieva; Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn; Isabella Pali-Schöll; Stefano Passanisi; Christina L Pranger; Franziska Roth-Walter; Kristiina Takkinen; Amal H Assa'ad; Carina Venter; Erika Jensen-Jarolim Journal: World Allergy Organ J Date: 2022-09-15 Impact factor: 5.516