Ali Sak1, Dennis Kübler1, Kristina Bannik1, Michael Groneberg1, Sonja Strunz2, Ralf Kriehuber3, Martin Stuschke1. 1. a Department of Radiotherapy , University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany. 2. b Department of Biomathematics and Bioinformatics , Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology , Dummerstorf , Germany. 3. c Department of Safety and Radiation Protection , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To uncover the role of EZH2 and its opponent ASHL2, a polycomb and trithorax group protein, respectively, on the radioresponsiveness of glioma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of EZH2 and ASHL2 was inhibited by siRNA in glioma cell lines. The effect on histone methylation, gene expression, DNA damage repair signaling, cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and tumor control were evaluated. RESULTS: Inhibition of EZH2 (EZH2i) led to a transcriptional dysregulation with upregulation of 544 and downregulation of 445 genes. In comparison, ASH2L inhibition (ASH2Li) had an opposed effect with upregulation of 289 and downregulation of 970 genes. EZH2i and ASH2Li significantly reduced methylation of H3K27 and increased methylation of H3K9, respectively. EZH2i and ASH2Li significantly increased and decreased the number of residual γH2AX foci at 24 h after IR, respectively. The former significantly increased radiation-induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M and apoptotic cell death, while ASH2Li decreased both. In addition, a significant shift of the radioresponse curve by -1.22 + 0.23 Gy (p < 0.0001) in the plaque monolayer assay was found after EZH2i in A7 but not in M059K. CONCLUSION: Overall, epigenetic modulation is a promising approach to evaluate the role of chromatin structure for the radioresponsiveness of glioma cell lines.
PURPOSE: To uncover the role of EZH2 and its opponent ASHL2, a polycomb and trithorax group protein, respectively, on the radioresponsiveness of glioma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of EZH2 and ASHL2 was inhibited by siRNA in glioma cell lines. The effect on histone methylation, gene expression, DNA damage repair signaling, cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and tumor control were evaluated. RESULTS: Inhibition of EZH2 (EZH2i) led to a transcriptional dysregulation with upregulation of 544 and downregulation of 445 genes. In comparison, ASH2L inhibition (ASH2Li) had an opposed effect with upregulation of 289 and downregulation of 970 genes. EZH2i and ASH2Li significantly reduced methylation of H3K27 and increased methylation of H3K9, respectively. EZH2i and ASH2Li significantly increased and decreased the number of residual γH2AX foci at 24 h after IR, respectively. The former significantly increased radiation-induced cell cycle arrest in G2/M and apoptotic cell death, while ASH2Li decreased both. In addition, a significant shift of the radioresponse curve by -1.22 + 0.23 Gy (p < 0.0001) in the plaque monolayer assay was found after EZH2i in A7 but not in M059K. CONCLUSION: Overall, epigenetic modulation is a promising approach to evaluate the role of chromatin structure for the radioresponsiveness of glioma cell lines.
Entities:
Keywords:
DNA repair; Epigenetic; apoptosis; polycomb; radiation sensitivity; trithorax