Kuibao Li1, Chonghua Yao2, Xinchun Yang1, Lei Dong2. 1. Heart Center of Beijing, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 2. Beijing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the association between resting heart rate (RHR) and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events differs according to age. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Community in Beijing, China. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 40 and older without cardiovascular disease at baseline (N = 6,209). MEASUREMENTS: Trained investigators interviewed participants using a standard questionnaire to obtain information on demographic characteristics, medical history and lifestyle risk factors in 1991. RHR was evaluated according to quartiles (<72, 72-76, 76-84, ≥84 beats/min). Cox regression models were used to assess the associations between RHR and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 8.3 years, 840 subjects died, and 676 experienced a cardiovascular event. Higher RHR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (P trend < .001) and cardiovascular events (P trend = .002) in older (≥60) but not younger (<60) participants (both P trend > .05). There were significant modifying effects of age on the association between RHR and all-cause mortality (P interaction < .001) and cardiovascular events (P interaction =.002). Similar results were observed after exclusion of individuals who died (n = 100) or had a cardiovascular event (n = 45) during the first 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: High RHR appears to be an independent determinant of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in older but not younger individuals.
OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the association between resting heart rate (RHR) and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events differs according to age. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: Community in Beijing, China. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals aged 40 and older without cardiovascular disease at baseline (N = 6,209). MEASUREMENTS: Trained investigators interviewed participants using a standard questionnaire to obtain information on demographic characteristics, medical history and lifestyle risk factors in 1991. RHR was evaluated according to quartiles (<72, 72-76, 76-84, ≥84 beats/min). Cox regression models were used to assess the associations between RHR and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 8.3 years, 840 subjects died, and 676 experienced a cardiovascular event. Higher RHR was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (P trend < .001) and cardiovascular events (P trend = .002) in older (≥60) but not younger (<60) participants (both P trend > .05). There were significant modifying effects of age on the association between RHR and all-cause mortality (P interaction < .001) and cardiovascular events (P interaction =.002). Similar results were observed after exclusion of individuals who died (n = 100) or had a cardiovascular event (n = 45) during the first 2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: High RHR appears to be an independent determinant of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in older but not younger individuals.
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