Oren J Becher1,2, Stephen W Gilheeney1, Yasmin Khakoo1,3, David C Lyden1,3, Sofia Haque4,5, Kevin C De Braganca1, Jill M Kolesar6, Jason T Huse7, Shakeel Modak1, Leonard H Wexler1,3, Kim Kramer1, Ivan Spasojevic8, Ira J Dunkel1,3. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. 4. Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. 5. Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. 6. The School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. 7. Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. 8. Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is aberrantly activated in many pediatric solid tumors including gliomas and medulloblastomas. Preclinical data in a pediatric glioma model demonstrated that the combination of perifosine (AKT inhibitor) and temsirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) is more potent at inhibiting the axis than either agent alone. We conducted this study to assess pharmacokinetics and identify the maximum tolerated dose for the combination. PROCEDURE: We performed a standard 3+3 phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study in patients with recurrent/refractory pediatric solid tumors. Four dose levels of perifosine (25-75 mg/m2 /day) and temsirolimus (25-75 mg/m2 IV weekly) were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (median age 8.5 years) with brain tumors (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma [DIPG] n = 8, high-grade glioma n = 6, medulloblastoma n = 2, ependymoma n = 1), neuroblastoma (n = 4), or rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 2) were treated. The combination was generally well tolerated and no dose-limiting toxicity was encountered. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities (at least possibly related) were thrombocytopenia (38.1%), neutropenia (23.8%), lymphopenia (23.8%), and hypercholesterolemia (19.0%). Pharmacokinetic findings for temsirolimus were similar to those observed in the temsirolimus single-agent phase II pediatric study and pharmacokinetic findings for perifosine were similar to those in adults. Stable disease was seen in 9 of 11 subjects with DIPG or high-grade glioma; no partial or complete responses were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of these AKT and mTOR inhibitors was safe and feasible in patients with recurrent/refractory pediatric solid tumors.
BACKGROUND: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is aberrantly activated in many pediatric solid tumors including gliomas and medulloblastomas. Preclinical data in a pediatric glioma model demonstrated that the combination of perifosine (AKT inhibitor) and temsirolimus (mTOR inhibitor) is more potent at inhibiting the axis than either agent alone. We conducted this study to assess pharmacokinetics and identify the maximum tolerated dose for the combination. PROCEDURE: We performed a standard 3+3 phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study in patients with recurrent/refractory pediatric solid tumors. Four dose levels of perifosine (25-75 mg/m2 /day) and temsirolimus (25-75 mg/m2 IV weekly) were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (median age 8.5 years) with brain tumors (diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma [DIPG] n = 8, high-grade glioma n = 6, medulloblastoma n = 2, ependymoma n = 1), neuroblastoma (n = 4), or rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 2) were treated. The combination was generally well tolerated and no dose-limiting toxicity was encountered. The most common grade 3 or 4 toxicities (at least possibly related) were thrombocytopenia (38.1%), neutropenia (23.8%), lymphopenia (23.8%), and hypercholesterolemia (19.0%). Pharmacokinetic findings for temsirolimus were similar to those observed in the temsirolimus single-agent phase II pediatric study and pharmacokinetic findings for perifosine were similar to those in adults. Stable disease was seen in 9 of 11 subjects with DIPG or high-grade glioma; no partial or complete responses were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of these AKT and mTOR inhibitors was safe and feasible in patients with recurrent/refractory pediatric solid tumors.
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