Gunhild Tidemann Christensen1, Solvej Maartensson2, Merete Osler3. 1. Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet -Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Denmark; Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark. Electronic address: guch@sund.ku.dk. 2. Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet -Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Denmark; Competence Centre for Dual Diagnosis, Psychiatric Center Sct. Hans, Roskilde, Denmark. 3. Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet -Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Denmark; Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A number of studies have associated depression with a high mortality risk. However, in surveys, depression is often measured by self-reports in selected sub-samples, while register studies have been based on hospital diagnosis or purchase of antidepressants. We examined how different survey- and register-based measures of depression were associated with 7-year mortality in a cohort of middle-aged Danish men. METHODS: The study was based on 10,517 men born in 1953. Depression was assessed through hospital diagnosis for the period from 1969 to 2004 and by self-reported information on depression, use of antidepressants and the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) from a survey in 2004, in which 58.8% (n=6292) of the men participated. Information on mortality and cause of death was retrieved from registers for the period between 2004 and 2011. RESULTS: Depression diagnosis from hospital registers as well as self-reported depression, use of antidepressants and having a high MDI-score were significantly associated with mortality from all, natural and unnatural causes. The associations were of a similar magnitude for the register-based measure of depression and for the survey-based measures reflecting past depression, but the strongest association was found for current depression as assessed by the MDI-score. LIMITATIONS: The study population consists almost exclusively of white men and the findings may not be generalizable to female populations or other races and ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be aware of male patients with a history of depression from hospital records or self-reported as they have higher mortality risk years after their first symptom.
BACKGROUND: A number of studies have associated depression with a high mortality risk. However, in surveys, depression is often measured by self-reports in selected sub-samples, while register studies have been based on hospital diagnosis or purchase of antidepressants. We examined how different survey- and register-based measures of depression were associated with 7-year mortality in a cohort of middle-aged Danish men. METHODS: The study was based on 10,517 men born in 1953. Depression was assessed through hospital diagnosis for the period from 1969 to 2004 and by self-reported information on depression, use of antidepressants and the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) from a survey in 2004, in which 58.8% (n=6292) of the men participated. Information on mortality and cause of death was retrieved from registers for the period between 2004 and 2011. RESULTS:Depression diagnosis from hospital registers as well as self-reported depression, use of antidepressants and having a high MDI-score were significantly associated with mortality from all, natural and unnatural causes. The associations were of a similar magnitude for the register-based measure of depression and for the survey-based measures reflecting past depression, but the strongest association was found for current depression as assessed by the MDI-score. LIMITATIONS: The study population consists almost exclusively of white men and the findings may not be generalizable to female populations or other races and ethnicities. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be aware of male patients with a history of depression from hospital records or self-reported as they have higher mortality risk years after their first symptom.
Authors: Kelsie M Full; Kara M Whitaker; Kelley Pettee Gabriel; Cora E Lewis; Barbara Sternfeld; Stephen Sidney; Jared P Reis; David R Jacobs; Bethany Barone Gibbs; Pamela J Schreiner Journal: Prev Med Date: 2021-05-19 Impact factor: 4.637
Authors: Nathaniel W Anderson; Anna J Markowitz; Daniel Eisenberg; Neal Halfon; Kristin Anderson Moore; Frederick J Zimmerman Journal: Child Indic Res Date: 2022-08-06