Kathryn E McIsaac1, Andrea Moser1, Rahim Moineddin1, Leslie Anne Keown1, Geoff Wilton1, Lynn A Stewart1, Angela Colantonio1, Avery B Nathens1, Flora I Matheson1. 1. Dalla Lana School of Public Health (McIsaac); Department of Family and Community Medicine (Moineddin); Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy (Colantonio); Department of Surgery (Nathens), University of Toronto; Centre for Urban Health Solutions (Matheson, McIsaac), St. Michael's Hospital; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences (Matheson, Moineddin, Nathens); Department of Surgery (Nathens), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont.; Correctional Service Canada (Keown, Moser, Stewart, Wilton), Ottawa, Ont.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is recent evidence to suggest that sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases risk of criminal justice system involvement, including incarceration. The objective of this study was to explore the association between TBI and risk of incarceration among men and women in Ontario. METHODS: We identified a cohort of 1.418 million young adults (aged 18-28 yr) on July 1, 1997, living in Ontario, Canada, from administrative health records; they were followed to Dec. 31, 2011. History of TBI was obtained from emergency and hospital records, and incarceration history was obtained from the Correctional Service of Canada records. We estimated the hazard of incarceration using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic characteristics and medical history. RESULTS: There were 3531 incarcerations over 18 297 508 person-years of follow-up. The incidence of incarceration was higher among participants with prior TBI compared with those without a prior TBI. In fully adjusted models, men and women who had sustained a TBI were about 2.5 times more likely to be incarcerated than men and women who had not sustained a TBI. INTERPRETATION: Traumatic brain injury was associated with an increased risk of incarceration among men and women in Ontario. Our research highlights the importance of designing primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies to mitigate risk of TBI and incarceration in the population.
BACKGROUND: There is recent evidence to suggest that sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases risk of criminal justice system involvement, including incarceration. The objective of this study was to explore the association between TBI and risk of incarceration among men and women in Ontario. METHODS: We identified a cohort of 1.418 million young adults (aged 18-28 yr) on July 1, 1997, living in Ontario, Canada, from administrative health records; they were followed to Dec. 31, 2011. History of TBI was obtained from emergency and hospital records, and incarceration history was obtained from the Correctional Service of Canada records. We estimated the hazard of incarceration using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic characteristics and medical history. RESULTS: There were 3531 incarcerations over 18 297 508 person-years of follow-up. The incidence of incarceration was higher among participants with prior TBI compared with those without a prior TBI. In fully adjusted models, men and women who had sustained a TBI were about 2.5 times more likely to be incarcerated than men and women who had not sustained a TBI. INTERPRETATION:Traumatic brain injury was associated with an increased risk of incarceration among men and women in Ontario. Our research highlights the importance of designing primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies to mitigate risk of TBI and incarceration in the population.
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Authors: Seth A Seabury; Étienne Gaudette; Dana P Goldman; Amy J Markowitz; Jordan Brooks; Michael A McCrea; David O Okonkwo; Geoffrey T Manley; Opeolu Adeoye; Neeraj Badjatia; Kim Boase; Yelena Bodien; M Ross Bullock; Randall Chesnut; John D Corrigan; Karen Crawford; Ramon Diaz-Arrastia; Sureyya Dikmen; Ann-Christine Duhaime; Richard Ellenbogen; V Ramana Feeser; Adam Ferguson; Brandon Foreman; Raquel Gardner; Joseph Giacino; Luis Gonzalez; Shankar Gopinath; Rao Gullapalli; J Claude Hemphill; Gillian Hotz; Sonia Jain; Frederick Korley; Joel Kramer; Natalie Kreitzer; Harvey Levin; Chris Lindsell; Joan Machamer; Christopher Madden; Alastair Martin; Thomas McAllister; Randall Merchant; Pratik Mukherjee; Lindsay Nelson; Florence Noel; Eva Palacios; Daniel Perl; Ava Puccio; Miri Rabinowitz; Claudia Robertson; Jonathan Rosand; Angelle Sander; Gabriella Satris; David Schnyer; Mark Sherer; Murray Stein; Sabrina Taylor; Nancy Temkin; Arthur Toga; Alex Valadka; Mary Vassar; Paul Vespa; Kevin Wang; John Yue; Esther Yuh; Ross Zafonte Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2018-05-18