Eun Mi Lee1, Man Ho Choi2, Hong Seog Seo3, Hyun Ki Kim1, Nam-Ho Kim1, Cheol Ung Choi4, Jin Won Kim4, Hong Euy Lim4, Eung Ju Kim4, Seung-Woon Rha4, Chang Gyu Park4, Dong Joo Oh4. 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do 435-040, Republic of Korea. 2. Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea. 3. Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea; Korea University-Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KU-KIST) Graduate School Converging Science and Technology, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mdhsseo@unitel.co.kr. 4. Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 152-703, Republic of Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of vasomotion types on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery spasm (CAS) induced by the acetylcholine provocation test (ACH-test) remains unclear. METHODS: We evaluated 4644 consecutive patients with typical resting chest pain (CP), but no angiographically significant coronary artery lesion (<50% stenosis), who underwent an ACH-test. According to their vasomotor response, patients were categorized into four types: normal vasomotion (no CP, no ischemic electrocardiographic changes, and no vasoconstriction), microvascular spasm (CP with <75% vasoconstriction but with CP relief after nitroglycerin infusion), epicardial spasm (CP with ≥75% vasoconstriction), and ACH-test inconclusive (vasoconstriction and/or electrocardiographic changes, but no CP). We investigated CP recurrence requiring follow-up angiography and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during 5 years. RESULTS: CP recurred in 7.9% of patients and was more frequent in abnormal vasomotion types (normal vasomotion, microvascular spasm, epicardial spasm, and inconclusive type: 5.4%, 9.8%, 10.9%, and 8.2%, respectively, log-rank p = 0.009). In multivariate analysis adjusted for medication use after the ACH-test, vasomotion subtype was not an independent predictor, whereas male sex, fixed lesion on baseline angiography, and medications including calcium channel blockers (CCBs), nitrates, and statins were independent positive predictors for recurrent CP. Alcohol consumption at the initial interview was a negative predictor. MACEs were observed in 1.6%, and the incidence was similar among subtypes (p = 0.421). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent CP and long-term outcomes are independent of vasomotion subtypes, but long-term use of CCBs, nitrates, and statins is a significant predictor for recurrent CP.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of vasomotion types on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery spasm (CAS) induced by the acetylcholine provocation test (ACH-test) remains unclear. METHODS: We evaluated 4644 consecutive patients with typical resting chest pain (CP), but no angiographically significant coronary artery lesion (<50% stenosis), who underwent an ACH-test. According to their vasomotor response, patients were categorized into four types: normal vasomotion (no CP, no ischemic electrocardiographic changes, and no vasoconstriction), microvascular spasm (CP with <75% vasoconstriction but with CP relief after nitroglycerin infusion), epicardial spasm (CP with ≥75% vasoconstriction), and ACH-test inconclusive (vasoconstriction and/or electrocardiographic changes, but no CP). We investigated CP recurrence requiring follow-up angiography and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) during 5 years. RESULTS: CP recurred in 7.9% of patients and was more frequent in abnormal vasomotion types (normal vasomotion, microvascular spasm, epicardial spasm, and inconclusive type: 5.4%, 9.8%, 10.9%, and 8.2%, respectively, log-rank p = 0.009). In multivariate analysis adjusted for medication use after the ACH-test, vasomotion subtype was not an independent predictor, whereas male sex, fixed lesion on baseline angiography, and medications including calcium channel blockers (CCBs), nitrates, and statins were independent positive predictors for recurrent CP. Alcohol consumption at the initial interview was a negative predictor. MACEs were observed in 1.6%, and the incidence was similar among subtypes (p = 0.421). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent CP and long-term outcomes are independent of vasomotion subtypes, but long-term use of CCBs, nitrates, and statins is a significant predictor for recurrent CP.
Authors: Rocco Antonio Montone; Giampaolo Niccoli; Michele Russo; Marta Giaccari; Marco Giuseppe Del Buono; Maria Chiara Meucci; Filippo Gurguglione; Rocco Vergallo; Domenico D'Amario; Antonino Buffon; Antonio M Leone; Francesco Burzotta; Cristina Aurigemma; Carlo Trani; Giovanna Liuzzo; Gaetano A Lanza; Filippo Crea Journal: Clin Res Cardiol Date: 2019-07-03 Impact factor: 5.460
Authors: Rutger G T Feenstra; Coen K M Boerhout; Caitlin E M Vink; Janneke Woudstra; Marianne E Wittekoek; Guus A de Waard; Yolande Appelman; Etto C Eringa; Koen M J Marques; Robbert J de Winter; Tim P van de Hoef; Marcel A M Beijk; Jan J Piek Journal: Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc Date: 2022-08-13