Enayet K Chowdhury1, Mark R Nelson, Garry L R Jennings, Lindon M H Wing, Christopher M Reid. 1. aCentre of Cardiovascular Research & Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria bMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania cBaker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria dSchool of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia eSchool of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the association of pet ownership and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality over a long-term follow-up among elderly treated hypertensive participants. METHODS: Pet-ownership data from a subcohort of the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study were used. Participants were aged 65-84 years at enrolment (1995-1997) and responded to a pet-ownership questionnaire during year 2000. Participants' survival information was determined over a median of 10.9 years that includes Second Australian National Blood Pressure in-trial period (median 4.2 years) together with posttrial follow-up period (median 6.9 years). For the current study, end points were any fatal cardiovascular event and all-cause fatal events. RESULTS: Of those who responded to a pet-ownership questionnaire (4039/6018 - 67%), 86% (3490/4039) owned at least one pet at any-time during their life (current or previous pet owner), with 36% (1456/4039) owning at least one pet at the time of the survey. During the follow-up period, 958 participants died including 499 deaths of cardiovascular origin. Using a Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusting for possible confounders, there was a 22 and 26% reduction in cardiovascular mortality observed among previous and current pet owners, respectively, compared with those who had never owned one. A similar nonsignificant trend was observed for all-cause mortality once adjusted for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: Pet ownership was associated with an improved cardiovascular disease survival in a treated elderly hypertensive population.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the association of pet ownership and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality over a long-term follow-up among elderly treated hypertensiveparticipants. METHODS: Pet-ownership data from a subcohort of the Second Australian National Blood Pressure study were used. Participants were aged 65-84 years at enrolment (1995-1997) and responded to a pet-ownership questionnaire during year 2000. Participants' survival information was determined over a median of 10.9 years that includes Second Australian National Blood Pressure in-trial period (median 4.2 years) together with posttrial follow-up period (median 6.9 years). For the current study, end points were any fatal cardiovascular event and all-cause fatal events. RESULTS: Of those who responded to a pet-ownership questionnaire (4039/6018 - 67%), 86% (3490/4039) owned at least one pet at any-time during their life (current or previous pet owner), with 36% (1456/4039) owning at least one pet at the time of the survey. During the follow-up period, 958 participants died including 499 deaths of cardiovascular origin. Using a Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusting for possible confounders, there was a 22 and 26% reduction in cardiovascular mortality observed among previous and current pet owners, respectively, compared with those who had never owned one. A similar nonsignificant trend was observed for all-cause mortality once adjusted for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: Pet ownership was associated with an improved cardiovascular disease survival in a treated elderly hypertensive population.
Authors: Rikako Sato; Takeo Fujiwara; Shiho Kino; Nobutoshi Nawa; Ichiro Kawachi Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2019-03-02 Impact factor: 3.390