Anke Schwandt1,2, Julia M Hermann3,2, Joachim Rosenbauer2,4, Claudia Boettcher5, Désirée Dunstheimer6, Jürgen Grulich-Henn7, Oliver Kuss2,4, Birgit Rami-Merhar8, Christian Vogel9, Reinhard W Holl3,2. 1. Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (ZIBMT), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany anke.schwandt@uni-ulm.de. 2. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. 3. Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry (ZIBMT), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. 4. Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. 5. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Centre of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Center Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. 7. Department of Pediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. 8. Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 9. Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Worsening of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes during puberty is a common observation. However, HbA1c remains stable or even improves for some youths. The aim is to identify distinct patterns of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes from childhood to young adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 6,433 patients with type 1 diabetes were selected from the prospective, multicenter diabetes patient registry Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) (follow-up from age 8 to 19 years, baseline diabetes duration ≥2 years, HbA1c aggregated per year of life). We used latent class growth modeling as the trajectory approach to determine distinct subgroups following a similar trajectory for HbA1c over time. RESULTS: Five distinct longitudinal trajectories of HbA1c were determined, comprising group 1 = 40%, group 2 = 27%, group 3 = 15%, group 4 = 13%, and group 5 = 5% of patients. Groups 1-3 indicated stable glycemic control at different HbA1c levels. At baseline, similar HbA1c was observed in group 1 and group 4, but HbA1c deteriorated in group 4 from age 8 to 19 years. Similar patterns were present in group 3 and group 5. We observed differences in self-monitoring of blood glucose, insulin therapy, daily insulin dose, physical activity, BMI SD score, body-height SD score, and migration background across all HbA1c trajectories (all P ≤ 0.001). No sex differences were present. Comparing groups with similar initial HbA1c but different patterns, groups with higher HbA1c increase were characterized by lower frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and physical activity and reduced height (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Using a trajectory approach, we determined five distinct longitudinal patterns of glycemic control from childhood to early adulthood. Diabetes self-care, treatment differences, and demographics were related to different HbA1c courses.
OBJECTIVE: Worsening of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes during puberty is a common observation. However, HbA1c remains stable or even improves for some youths. The aim is to identify distinct patterns of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes from childhood to young adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 6,433 patients with type 1 diabetes were selected from the prospective, multicenter diabetespatient registry Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) (follow-up from age 8 to 19 years, baseline diabetes duration ≥2 years, HbA1c aggregated per year of life). We used latent class growth modeling as the trajectory approach to determine distinct subgroups following a similar trajectory for HbA1c over time. RESULTS: Five distinct longitudinal trajectories of HbA1c were determined, comprising group 1 = 40%, group 2 = 27%, group 3 = 15%, group 4 = 13%, and group 5 = 5% of patients. Groups 1-3 indicated stable glycemic control at different HbA1c levels. At baseline, similar HbA1c was observed in group 1 and group 4, but HbA1c deteriorated in group 4 from age 8 to 19 years. Similar patterns were present in group 3 and group 5. We observed differences in self-monitoring of blood glucose, insulin therapy, daily insulin dose, physical activity, BMI SD score, body-height SD score, and migration background across all HbA1c trajectories (all P ≤ 0.001). No sex differences were present. Comparing groups with similar initial HbA1c but different patterns, groups with higher HbA1c increase were characterized by lower frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and physical activity and reduced height (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Using a trajectory approach, we determined five distinct longitudinal patterns of glycemic control from childhood to early adulthood. Diabetes self-care, treatment differences, and demographics were related to different HbA1c courses.
Authors: Kimberly A Driscoll; Karen D Corbin; David M Maahs; Richard Pratley; Franziska K Bishop; Anna Kahkoska; Korey K Hood; Elizabeth Mayer-Davis Journal: Curr Diab Rep Date: 2017-08 Impact factor: 4.810
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