Graphenes as Metal-Free Catalysts with Engineered Active Sites.

This Perspective article highlights how recent discoveries on the activity of defective graphene to promote different organic reactions as metal-free catalysts has led to propose certain substructures present on these defective graphenes as active sites. The sustainability of using as catalysts graphenes obtained from biomass and the possibility to generate active sites by introducing defects on the sheet are the two main characteristics triggering research in this area. Emphasis is made in the need to gain understanding on the nature of the active sites and how this understanding requires the combination of conventional kinetic experiments as well as advanced characterization tools. The relationship between catalysis by graphene and that by organocatalysis has also been remarked.