Electrodialytic separation of levulinic acid catalytically synthesized from woody biomass for use in microbial conversion.

Levulinic acid (LA) is produced by the catalytic conversion of a variety of woody biomass. To investigate the potential use of desalting electrodialysis (ED) for LA purification, electrodialytic separation of levulinate from both reagent and cedar-derived LA solution (40-160 g L-1 ) was demonstrated. When using reagent LA solution with pH5.0-6.0, the recovery rates of levulinate ranged from 68 to 99%, and the energy consumption for recovery of 1 kg of levulinate ranged from 0.18 to 0.27 kWh kg-1 . With cedar-derived LA solution (pH6.0), good agreement in levulinate recovery (88-99%), and energy consumption (0.18-0.22 kWh kg-1 ) were observed in comparison to the reagent LA solutions, although a longer operation time was required due to some impurities. The application of desalting ED was favorable for promoting microbial utilization of cedar-derived LA. From 0.5 mol L-1 of the ED-concentrated sodium levulinate solution, 95.6% of levulinate was recovered as LA calcium salt dihydrate by crystallization. This is the first report on ED application for LA recovery using more than 20 g L-1 LA solutions (40-160 g L-1 ).