S Andrés-Lasheras1, R Bolea1, R C Mainar-Jaime1, E Kuijper2, E Sevilla1, I Martín-Burriel3, M Chirino-Trejo4. 1. Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain. 2. Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. 3. Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO), Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2-(Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain. 4. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Abstract
AIMS: To determine the presence of Clostridium difficile on fattening pig farms in north-eastern Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven farms were sampled. Pools of pig faecal samples (n = 210), samples of intestinal content from common farm pest species (n = 95) and environment-related samples (n = 93) were collected. Isolates were tested for toxin genes of C. difficile, and typed by PCR-ribotyping and toxinotyping. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of six antimicrobial agents were determined using Etest. Thirty-four isolates were obtained from 12 farms, and 30 (88·2%) had toxin genes. Seven ribotypes were identified. Ribotype 078 and its variant 126 were predominant (52·9%). The same ribotypes were isolated from different animal species on the same farm. None of the isolates were resistant to metronidazole or vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS: Clostridium difficile was common within the pig farm environment. Most of the positive samples came from pest species or were pest-related environmental samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Pest species were colonized with toxigenic and antimicrobial-resistant C. difficile strains of the same ribotypes that are found in humans and pigs. Rodents and pigeons may transmit toxigenic and antimicrobial-resistant C. difficile strains that are of the same ribotypes as those occuring in humans.
AIMS: To determine the presence of Clostridium difficile on fattening pig farms in north-eastern Spain. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-seven farms were sampled. Pools of pig faecal samples (n = 210), samples of intestinal content from common farm pest species (n = 95) and environment-related samples (n = 93) were collected. Isolates were tested for toxin genes of C. difficile, and typed by PCR-ribotyping and toxinotyping. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of six antimicrobial agents were determined using Etest. Thirty-four isolates were obtained from 12 farms, and 30 (88·2%) had toxin genes. Seven ribotypes were identified. Ribotype 078 and its variant 126 were predominant (52·9%). The same ribotypes were isolated from different animal species on the same farm. None of the isolates were resistant to metronidazole or vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS:Clostridium difficile was common within the pig farm environment. Most of the positive samples came from pest species or were pest-related environmental samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Pest species were colonized with toxigenic and antimicrobial-resistant C. difficile strains of the same ribotypes that are found in humans and pigs. Rodents and pigeons may transmit toxigenic and antimicrobial-resistant C. difficile strains that are of the same ribotypes as those occuring in humans.
Authors: Sara Andrés-Lasheras; Inma Martín-Burriel; Raúl Carlos Mainar-Jaime; Mariano Morales; Ed Kuijper; José L Blanco; Manuel Chirino-Trejo; Rosa Bolea Journal: BMC Vet Res Date: 2018-03-09 Impact factor: 2.741
Authors: Frederico Alves; Alexandra Nunes; Rita Castro; António Sequeira; Olga Moreira; Rui Matias; João Carlos Rodrigues; Leonor Silveira; João Paulo Gomes; Mónica Oleastro Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2022-04-14 Impact factor: 6.064