Posterior hemivertebrectomy and short segment fixation-long term results.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to study the long-term results of one-stage single and multiple level posterior hemivertebrectomies and to find out the safety and efficacy of the procedure.
METHOD: Twenty patients (9 male and 11 female) with mean age of 9.2 years (2 years 4 months-14 years 10 months) with congenital scoliosis (hemivertebrae) were treated with posterior hemivertebrectomy with intraoperative neuromonitoring. Posterior exposure and transpedicular fixation of the adjoining vertebrae was done. The hemivertebra was approached from the convex side, and transpedicular decancellation followed by complete excision was done. Controlled compression at the convexity was done after a cantilever manoeuvre was done for rod capturing on the convexity to achieve the reduction.
RESULTS: Average number of hemivertebra removed was 1.46 (1-3). Mean pre-op and post-op coronal Cobb angle was 48.8° (range 22 to 80) and 24.2° (range 7 to 41), respectively (p < 0.001). Mean pre-op and post-op sagittal Cobb angle was 32.1° (range 7 to 76) and 13.6° (range 0 to 23) respectively, (p < 0.005). Mean coronal and sagittal Cobb correction percentage achieved was 50.2 and 51.8%, respectively. Mean follow-up was 62.4 months (range 24-73 months). Mean loss of coronal and sagittal correction at final follow-up was 2.26° (0-8) and 1.55° (0-5), respectively. Maximum correction in both coronal (p = 0.167) and sagittal (p = 0.095) planes was achieved in thoracolumbar vertebrae. Maximum correction was achieved in 3 level hemivertebrae in sagittal (p = 0.9) and 2 level hemivertebrae in coronal plane (p = 0.740).
CONCLUSIONS: Posterior hemivertebrectomy is a safe and effective procedure for congenital scoliosis. Not only single but up to 3 level hemivertebrae can be safely removed with good correction of deformity. Long-term follow-up reveals good maintenance of correction.