Characteristics, circumstances and pathology of sudden or unnatural deaths of cases with evidence of pathological hoarding.

The study aimed to determine the characteristics and circumstances of cases sudden or unnatural death (n = 61) with evidence of pathological hoarding, their major organ pathology and toxicology. The mean age was 65·8 yrs (a mean of 16.1 years of potential life lost), 62·3% were male, and 28·2% were obese. 95·1% lived alone, and 96·7% died in their residence, with no medical intervention. In all cases severe squalor and extensive hoarding were noted. The direct cause of death was attributed to disease in 75·4%, heart disease being a significant factor in 52·5%. Accidents causing death directly related to hoarding occurred in two cases. Autopsy revealed extensive pathology: severe coronary artery narrowing (42·4%), myocardial replacement fibrosis (44·1%), emphysema (39·0%), nephrosclerosis (46·6%). Signs of hypothermia were present in 14·8%, and diabetes was diagnosed in 21·3%. The most commonly detected substance was alcohol (32·1%). Medications for heart disease (5·4%) or diabetes (7·1%) were rare. The overall clinical picture was of an isolated group, with a heavy burden of physical disease and, in all probability, a high level of psychiatric disorders, who died alone in their homes.