Sylvia Becker-Dreps1, Samuel Vilchez, Filemon Bucardo, Erica Twitchell, Wan Suk Choi, Michael G Hudgens, Johann Perez, Lijuan Yuan. 1. From the *Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; †Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua; ‡Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia; and §Department of Biostatistics, UNC-Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a common intestinal condition among children living in low- and middle-income countries and is associated with diminished enteric immunity to gastrointestinal pathogens, and possibly to oral vaccine antigens. The goal of this study was to examine associations between biomarkers of EE and immunogenicity to the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5). METHODS: Infants were recruited 1 day before their first RV5 immunization in León, Nicaragua, from public health rosters. Infants provided a preimmunization blood and stool sample, and a second blood sample 1 month after receipt of RV5. We measured immunoglobin A (IgA) seroconversion to the first dose of RV5 and concentrations of 4 previously identified fecal biomarkers of EE (alpha-1 antitrypsin, neopterin, myeloperoxidase and calprotectin). We then assessed associations between concentrations of these biomarkers, both individually and as combined scores, and seroconversion to the first dose of RV5. RESULTS: Of the 43 enrolled infants, 24 (56%) seroconverted after the first dose of RV5. As compared with infants who seroconverted, those who did not seroconvert had higher median concentrations of both myeloperoxidase (3.1 vs. 1.1 µg/mL, P = 0.002) and calprotectin (199.1 vs. 156.2 µg/mL, P = 0.03). Further, those who did not seroconvert had a higher median combined score of the 4 biomarkers as compared with those who seroconverted (6.5 vs. 4.5, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between biomarkers of EE and seroconversion to the first dose of RV5. It is possible that interventions that prevent or ameliorate EE may also improve oral rotavirus vaccine response.
BACKGROUND: Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a common intestinal condition among children living in low- and middle-income countries and is associated with diminished enteric immunity to gastrointestinal pathogens, and possibly to oral vaccine antigens. The goal of this study was to examine associations between biomarkers of EE and immunogenicity to the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5). METHODS:Infants were recruited 1 day before their first RV5 immunization in León, Nicaragua, from public health rosters. Infants provided a preimmunization blood and stool sample, and a second blood sample 1 month after receipt of RV5. We measured immunoglobin A (IgA) seroconversion to the first dose of RV5 and concentrations of 4 previously identified fecal biomarkers of EE (alpha-1 antitrypsin, neopterin, myeloperoxidase and calprotectin). We then assessed associations between concentrations of these biomarkers, both individually and as combined scores, and seroconversion to the first dose of RV5. RESULTS: Of the 43 enrolled infants, 24 (56%) seroconverted after the first dose of RV5. As compared with infants who seroconverted, those who did not seroconvert had higher median concentrations of both myeloperoxidase (3.1 vs. 1.1 µg/mL, P = 0.002) and calprotectin (199.1 vs. 156.2 µg/mL, P = 0.03). Further, those who did not seroconvert had a higher median combined score of the 4 biomarkers as compared with those who seroconverted (6.5 vs. 4.5, P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between biomarkers of EE and seroconversion to the first dose of RV5. It is possible that interventions that prevent or ameliorate EE may also improve oral rotavirus vaccine response.
Authors: Jonathan Fix; Kshipra Chandrashekhar; Johann Perez; Filemon Bucardo; Michael G Hudgens; Lijuan Yuan; Erica Twitchell; Maria Andrea Azcarate-Peril; Samuel Vilchez; Sylvia Becker-Dreps Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2020-01 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Shaohua Lei; Erica L Twitchell; Ashwin K Ramesh; Tammy Bui; Elizabeth Majette; Christine M Tin; Roger Avery; Gustavo Arango-Argoty; Liqing Zhang; Sylvia Becker-Dreps; M Andrea Azcarate-Peril; Xi Jiang; Lijuan Yuan Journal: J Gen Virol Date: 2019-11 Impact factor: 3.891
Authors: Joann F Gruber; Sylvia Becker-Dreps; Michael G Hudgens; M Alan Brookhart; James C Thomas; Michele Jonsson Funk Journal: Epidemiology Date: 2018-11 Impact factor: 4.822
Authors: Sue E Crawford; Sasirekha Ramani; Jacqueline E Tate; Umesh D Parashar; Lennart Svensson; Marie Hagbom; Manuel A Franco; Harry B Greenberg; Miguel O'Ryan; Gagandeep Kang; Ulrich Desselberger; Mary K Estes Journal: Nat Rev Dis Primers Date: 2017-11-09 Impact factor: 52.329