Dandan Huang1, Dan Liu2, Jianzhong Yin2, Tianyi Qian3, Susan Shrestha1, Hongyan Ni4. 1. Department of Radiology, First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. 2. Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China. 3. MR Collaborations NE Asia, Siemens Healthcare, Beijing, 100102, China. 4. Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China. nihyan@sina.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore the changes of glutamate-glutamine (Glx) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain in normal old age and cognitive impairment using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS: Seventeen normal young controls (NYC), 15 normal elderly controls (NEC), 21 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 17 with Alzheimer disease (AD) patients were included in this study. Glx and GABA+ levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right hippocampus (rHP) were measured by using a MEGA-PRESS sequence. Glx/Cr and GABA+/Cr ratios were compared between NYC and NEC and between the three elderly groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA); the tissue fractions of voxels were used as covariates. The relationships between metabolite ratios and cognitive performance were analysed using Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS: For NEC and NYC groups, Glx/Cr and GABA+/Cr ratios were lower in NEC in ACC and rHP. For the three elderly groups, Glx/Cr ratio was lower in AD in ACC compared to NEC and MCI; Glx/Cr ratio was lower in AD in rHP compared to NEC. There was no significant decrease for GABA+/Cr ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Glx and GABA levels may decrease simultaneously in normal aged, and Glx level decreased predominantly in AD, and it is helpful in the early diagnosis of AD. KEY POINTS: • Glx and GABA levels may decrease simultaneously in normal aged. • Glx level may decrease predominantly in Alzheimer disease. • The balance in excitatory-inhibitory systems may be broken in AD. • Decreased Glx level may be helpful in early diagnosis of AD.
OBJECTIVES: To explore the changes of glutamate-glutamine (Glx) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain in normal old age and cognitive impairment using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS: Seventeen normal young controls (NYC), 15 normal elderly controls (NEC), 21 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 17 with Alzheimer disease (AD) patients were included in this study. Glx and GABA+ levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and right hippocampus (rHP) were measured by using a MEGA-PRESS sequence. Glx/Cr and GABA+/Cr ratios were compared between NYC and NEC and between the three elderly groups using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA); the tissue fractions of voxels were used as covariates. The relationships between metabolite ratios and cognitive performance were analysed using Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS: For NEC and NYC groups, Glx/Cr and GABA+/Cr ratios were lower in NEC in ACC and rHP. For the three elderly groups, Glx/Cr ratio was lower in AD in ACC compared to NEC and MCI; Glx/Cr ratio was lower in AD in rHP compared to NEC. There was no significant decrease for GABA+/Cr ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Glx and GABA levels may decrease simultaneously in normal aged, and Glx level decreased predominantly in AD, and it is helpful in the early diagnosis of AD. KEY POINTS: • Glx and GABA levels may decrease simultaneously in normal aged. • Glx level may decrease predominantly in Alzheimer disease. • The balance in excitatory-inhibitory systems may be broken in AD. • Decreased Glx level may be helpful in early diagnosis of AD.
Authors: K F S Bell; G J L de Kort; S Steggerda; R Shigemoto; A Ribeiro-da-Silva; A C Cuello Journal: Neurosci Lett Date: 2003-12-19 Impact factor: 3.046
Authors: Xiao-Qi Ding; Andrew A Maudsley; Mohammad Sabati; Sulaiman Sheriff; Birte Schmitz; Martin Schütze; Paul Bronzlik; Kai G Kahl; Heinrich Lanfermann Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2016-05-07 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Jong H Yoon; Richard J Maddock; Ariel Rokem; Michael A Silver; Michael J Minzenberg; J Daniel Ragland; Cameron S Carter Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2010-03-10 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Georg Oeltzschner; S Andrea Wijtenburg; Mark Mikkelsen; Richard A E Edden; Peter B Barker; Jin Hui Joo; Jeannie-Marie S Leoutsakos; Laura M Rowland; Clifford I Workman; Gwenn S Smith Journal: Neurobiol Aging Date: 2018-09-27 Impact factor: 4.673
Authors: Benjamin Spurny; Rene Seiger; Philipp Moser; Thomas Vanicek; Murray B Reed; Eva Heckova; Paul Michenthaler; Alim Basaran; Gregor Gryglewski; Manfred Klöbl; Siegfried Trattnig; Siegfried Kasper; Wolfgang Bogner; Rupert Lanzenberger Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2019-10-10 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Stefano Marenco; Christian Meyer; Jan Willem van der Veen; Yan Zhang; Ryan Kelly; Jun Shen; Daniel R Weinberger; Dwight Dickinson; Karen F Berman Journal: Neuropsychopharmacology Date: 2018-07-03 Impact factor: 7.853
Authors: Eric C Porges; Adam J Woods; Damon G Lamb; John B Williamson; Ronald A Cohen; Richard A E Edden; Ashley D Harris Journal: Neuroimage Date: 2017-09-05 Impact factor: 6.556
Authors: Joshua Chiappelli; Laura M Rowland; S Andrea Wijtenburg; Hongji Chen; Andrew A Maudsley; Sulaiman Sheriff; Shuo Chen; Anya Savransky; Wyatt Marshall; Meghann C Ryan; Heather A Bruce; Alan R Shuldiner; Braxton D Mitchell; Peter Kochunov; L Elliot Hong Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2019-11-21 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Geetanjali Murari; Darren Ri-Sheng Liang; Aliya Ali; Frankie Chan; Mirjam Mulder-Heijstra; Nicolaas Paul L G Verhoeff; Nathan Herrmann; J Jean Chen; Linda Mah Journal: Cereb Cortex Commun Date: 2020-06-08