Paul N Newton1,2,3, Brigitte Timmermann4. 1. Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic paul@tropmedres.ac. 2. Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. 3. WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network and Infectious Disease Data Observatory, University of Oxford, UK. 4. Vienna, Austria.