Temperature and metabolic changes in rats after various doses of tumour necrosis factor alpha.

1. Sub-lethal doses of recombinant of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) were administered i.v. to young conscious male Wistar rats. Temperature changes and alterations in serum zinc and albumin concentrations and weight and composition of liver, kidney, spleen, tibialis muscle and skin were measured. Temperatures were monitored for 8 h and tissue parameters 8 and 22 h post-injection. 2. Doses above 10 micrograms/kg caused fevers of increasing magnitude and duration with latencies of 2 h. At doses of 200 micrograms/kg or more fevers were preceded by a fall in rectal temperature of up to 1.1 degrees C. 3. Weight loss by skin and tibialis and gain by liver occurred 22 h post-injection. Spleen and kidney weight and zinc and spleen protein contents were unaffected. Serum albumin and zinc fell 22 and 8 h after injection respectively. Liver zinc was elevated at both times and inversely correlated at 8 h with serum values. A degree of dose dependence of zinc and albumin changes existed. A gain in protein was evident in liver 8 h post-injection and a loss by muscle at 22 h. Paradoxical effects were observed in skin protein concentration. 4. TNF alpha mimicked many of the metabolic effects of E. coli endotoxin reported in the literature and showed similar effects to those described for interleukin 1 (IL1).