Neutralized lidocaine with epinephrine for local anesthesia.

The pain of infiltrating lidocaine with epinephrine into skin is reduced by the addition of sodium bicarbonate. The effect of varied concentrations of sodium bicarbonate on pain of infiltration of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 was measured. Sodium bicarbonate at 40 and 100 meq/L of anesthetic solution caused significantly less pain than did 0 or 10 meq/L. The stability of epinephrine in a solution at pH 7.3 was also determined. Epinephrine concentration declined approximately 25% per week in anesthetic solution containing 100 meq/L sodium bicarbonate.