Jean-Charles Nault1, Gabrielle Couchy2, Charles Balabaud3, Guillaume Morcrette2, Stefano Caruso2, Jean-Frederic Blanc4, Yannick Bacq5, Julien Calderaro6, Valérie Paradis7, Jeanne Ramos8, Jean-Yves Scoazec9, Viviane Gnemmi10, Nathalie Sturm11, Catherine Guettier12, Monique Fabre13, Eric Savier14, Laurence Chiche15, Philippe Labrune16, Janick Selves17, Dominique Wendum18, Camilla Pilati2, Alexis Laurent19, Anne De Muret20, Brigitte Le Bail21, Sandra Rebouissou2, Sandrine Imbeaud2, Paulette Bioulac-Sage21, Eric Letouzé2, Jessica Zucman-Rossi22. 1. Unité Mixte de Recherche 1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Liver Unit, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bondy, France; Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Université Paris 13, Communauté d'Universités et Etablissements Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. 2. Unité Mixte de Recherche 1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France. 3. Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux, France. 4. Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux, France; Service Hépato-Gastroentérologie et Oncologie Digestive, Centre Medico-Chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. 5. Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France. 6. Unité Mixte de Recherche 1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Créteil, France. 7. Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France. 8. Service d'Anatomopathologie, Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France. 9. Service d'Anatomopathologie, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. 10. Institut de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, UMR-S 1124, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center, Lille, France. 11. Service d'Anatomopathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Grenoble, France. 12. Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôpitaux Paul Brousse et Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1193 Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France. 13. Service d'Anatomopathologie, Hôptal Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France. 14. Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Bilio-Pancréatique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Pitié Salpétrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. 15. Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Medico-Chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. 16. Assistance Hôpitaux Publique de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme Hépatique, Clamart, and Université Paris-Sud, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1169, Orsay, France. 17. Département d'Anatomopathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France. 18. Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Assistance Hôpitaux Publique de Paris Hôpital St Antoine, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie 06, Paris, France. 19. Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U955, Créteil, France. 20. Service d'anatomopathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, Tours, France. 21. Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, Bordeaux, France; Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Pellegrin, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. 22. Unité Mixte de Recherche 1162, Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Département d'Oncologie, Paris, France. Electronic address: jessica.zucman-rossi@inserm.fr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign liver tumors that can be assigned to molecular subtypes based on inactivating mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A, activating mutations in β-catenin, or activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. We aimed to update the classification system for HCA and associate the subtypes with disease risk factors and complications. METHODS: We analyzed expression levels of 20 genes and sequenced exon regions of 8 genes (HNF1A, IL6ST, CTNNB1, FRK, STAT3, GNAS, JAK1, and TERT) in 607 samples of 533 HCAs from 411 patients, collected from 28 centers mainly in France from 2000 and 2014. We performed gene expression profile, RNA sequence, whole-exome and genome sequence, and immunohistochemical analyses of select samples. Molecular data were associated with risk factors, histopathology, bleeding, and malignant transformation. RESULTS: Symptomatic bleeding occurred in 14% of the patients (85% of cases were female, median age, 38 years); 7% of the nodules were borderline between HCA and hepatocellular carcinoma, and 3% of patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma from HCA. Based on molecular features, we classified HCA into 8 subgroups. One new subgroup, composed of previously unclassified HCA, represented 4% of HCAs overall and was associated with obesity and bleeding. These tumors were characterized by activation of sonic hedgehog signaling, due to focal deletions that fuse the promoter of INHBE with GLI1. Analysis of genetic heterogeneity among multiple HCAs, from different patients, revealed a molecular subtype field effect; multiple tumors had different mutations that deregulated similar pathways. Specific molecular subtypes of HCA associated with various HCA risk factors, including imbalances in estrogen or androgen hormones. Specific molecular subgroup of HCA with β-catenin and sonic hedgehog activation associated with malignant transformation and bleeding, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using sequencing and gene expression analyses, we identified a subgroup of HCA characterized by fusion of the INHBE and GLI1 genes and activation of sonic hedgehog pathway. Molecular subtypes of HCAs associated with different patients' risk factors for HCA, disease progression, and pathology features of tumors. This classification system might be used to select treatment strategies for patients with HCA.
BACKGROUND & AIMS:Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign liver tumors that can be assigned to molecular subtypes based on inactivating mutations in hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A, activating mutations in β-catenin, or activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. We aimed to update the classification system for HCA and associate the subtypes with disease risk factors and complications. METHODS: We analyzed expression levels of 20 genes and sequenced exon regions of 8 genes (HNF1A, IL6ST, CTNNB1, FRK, STAT3, GNAS, JAK1, and TERT) in 607 samples of 533 HCAs from 411 patients, collected from 28 centers mainly in France from 2000 and 2014. We performed gene expression profile, RNA sequence, whole-exome and genome sequence, and immunohistochemical analyses of select samples. Molecular data were associated with risk factors, histopathology, bleeding, and malignant transformation. RESULTS: Symptomatic bleeding occurred in 14% of the patients (85% of cases were female, median age, 38 years); 7% of the nodules were borderline between HCA and hepatocellular carcinoma, and 3% of patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma from HCA. Based on molecular features, we classified HCA into 8 subgroups. One new subgroup, composed of previously unclassified HCA, represented 4% of HCAs overall and was associated with obesity and bleeding. These tumors were characterized by activation of sonic hedgehog signaling, due to focal deletions that fuse the promoter of INHBE with GLI1. Analysis of genetic heterogeneity among multiple HCAs, from different patients, revealed a molecular subtype field effect; multiple tumors had different mutations that deregulated similar pathways. Specific molecular subtypes of HCA associated with various HCA risk factors, including imbalances in estrogen or androgen hormones. Specific molecular subgroup of HCA with β-catenin and sonic hedgehog activation associated with malignant transformation and bleeding, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using sequencing and gene expression analyses, we identified a subgroup of HCA characterized by fusion of the INHBE and GLI1 genes and activation of sonic hedgehog pathway. Molecular subtypes of HCAs associated with different patients' risk factors for HCA, disease progression, and pathology features of tumors. This classification system might be used to select treatment strategies for patients with HCA.
Authors: Ryan M Carr; Paola A Romecin Duran; Ezequiel J Tolosa; Chenchao Ma; Abdul M Oseini; Catherine D Moser; Bubu A Banini; Jianbo Huang; Faizal Asumda; Renumathy Dhanasekaran; Rondell P Graham; Merih D Toruner; Stephanie L Safgren; Luciana L Almada; Shaoqing Wang; Mrinal M Patnaik; Lewis R Roberts; Martin E Fernandez-Zapico Journal: J Biol Chem Date: 2020-01-27 Impact factor: 5.157