Misa Matsuyama1, Tracy Harb1, Michael David2, Peter Sw Davies1, Rebecca J Hill1. 1. 1Children's Nutrition Research Centre,Child Health Research Centre,The University of Queensland,Level 6,Centre for Children's Health Research,63 Graham Street,South Brisbane,QLD 4101,Australia. 2. 2School of Public Health,The University of Queensland,Herston,QLD,Australia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Adequate nutrition is critical for optimal growth and development. However, young children may be at risk of nutrient deficiencies when transitioning to weaning foods for a variety of reasons. Supplementation with fortified milk may provide potentially lacking essential nutrients, but effects on growth and nutritional status are yet to be established. DESIGN: Five databases were searched for randomised controlled trials using fortified milk against control milk in young children. Outcomes were growth, body composition and/or biochemical markers. Pooled differences in means were calculated for continuous outcomes and odds ratios for binary outcomes. SETTING: Randomised controlled trials set in any country. SUBJECTS: Otherwise healthy children aged 6-47 months. RESULTS: Fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Fortification varied from Fe, Zn, vitamins, essential fatty acids, to pre- and/or probiotics. Frequently reported outcomes were weight, height and Fe status. Studies varied in geographical location, sample size and duration. Fortified milk had minimal effects on weight gain (mean difference=0·17 kg; 95 % CI 0·02, 0·31 kg) compared with control milk. The risk of anaemia was reduced in fortified milk groups (OR=0·32; 95 % CI 0·15, 0·66) compared with control groups. There were no significant effects on height gain, changes in body composition or Hb concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Fortified milk is an effective source of complementary nutrition to supplement children in need when consumed in appropriate amounts in addition to a normal diet. Due to compositional differences, further research on fortified milk is warranted before making global recommendations on benefits for growth and nutritional outcomes in young children.
OBJECTIVE: Adequate nutrition is critical for optimal growth and development. However, young children may be at risk of nutrient deficiencies when transitioning to weaning foods for a variety of reasons. Supplementation with fortified milk may provide potentially lacking essential nutrients, but effects on growth and nutritional status are yet to be established. DESIGN: Five databases were searched for randomised controlled trials using fortified milk against control milk in young children. Outcomes were growth, body composition and/or biochemical markers. Pooled differences in means were calculated for continuous outcomes and odds ratios for binary outcomes. SETTING: Randomised controlled trials set in any country. SUBJECTS: Otherwise healthy children aged 6-47 months. RESULTS: Fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria. Fortification varied from Fe, Zn, vitamins, essential fatty acids, to pre- and/or probiotics. Frequently reported outcomes were weight, height and Fe status. Studies varied in geographical location, sample size and duration. Fortified milk had minimal effects on weight gain (mean difference=0·17 kg; 95 % CI 0·02, 0·31 kg) compared with control milk. The risk of anaemia was reduced in fortified milk groups (OR=0·32; 95 % CI 0·15, 0·66) compared with control groups. There were no significant effects on height gain, changes in body composition or Hb concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Fortified milk is an effective source of complementary nutrition to supplement children in need when consumed in appropriate amounts in addition to a normal diet. Due to compositional differences, further research on fortified milk is warranted before making global recommendations on benefits for growth and nutritional outcomes in young children.
Entities:
Keywords:
Fortified milk; Growth; Iron deficiency; Nutritional status; Young children
Authors: María J Soto-Méndez; Oscar D Rangel-Huerta; María D Ruiz-López; Emilio Martínez de Victoria; Augusto Anguita-Ruiz; Angel Gil Journal: Adv Nutr Date: 2019-05-01 Impact factor: 8.701
Authors: Amber M Milan; Alison J Hodgkinson; Sarah M Mitchell; Utpal K Prodhan; Colin G Prosser; Elizabeth A Carpenter; Karl Fraser; David Cameron-Smith Journal: Nutrients Date: 2018-10-12 Impact factor: 5.717