Literature DB >> 27925866

There's something about Molly: The underresearched yet popular powder form of ecstasy in the United States.

Joseph J Palamar1,2.   

Abstract

Molly has been the street name for powder or crystalline ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) in the United States since the early 2000s; however, few studies have examined Molly use or included Molly in the definition of ecstasy/MDMA. Prevalence of self-reported ecstasy use is being underreported on surveys due to the lack of inclusion of "Molly," although Molly is often so adulterated with novel psychoactive substances such as synthetic cathinones ("bath salts") that the name "Molly" may no longer adequately represent ecstasy/MDMA. The author recommends that Molly use and Molly purity be further studied to more adequately inform prevention and harm reduction.

Entities:  

Keywords:  3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA); Ecstasy; Molly

Mesh:

Substances:

Year:  2016        PMID: 27925866      PMCID: PMC5578728          DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1267070

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Subst Abus        ISSN: 0889-7077            Impact factor:   3.716


  17 in total

1.  Chemical analysis of ecstasy pills.

Authors:  M Baggott; B Heifets; R T Jones; J Mendelson; E Sferios; J Zehnder
Journal:  JAMA       Date:  2000-11-01       Impact factor: 56.272

2.  Ecstasy overdoses at a New Year's Eve rave--Los Angeles, California, 2010.

Authors: 
Journal:  MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep       Date:  2010-06-11       Impact factor: 17.586

3.  Fatalities caused by the MDMA-related drug paramethoxyamphetamine (PMA).

Authors:  J C Kraner; D J McCoy; M A Evans; L E Evans; B J Sweeney
Journal:  J Anal Toxicol       Date:  2001-10       Impact factor: 3.367

4.  2009 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th Annual Report.

Authors:  Alvin C Bronstein; Daniel A Spyker; Louis R Cantilena; Jody L Green; Barry H Rumack; Sandra L Giffin
Journal:  Clin Toxicol (Phila)       Date:  2010-12       Impact factor: 4.467

5.  2013 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 31st Annual Report.

Authors:  James B Mowry; Daniel A Spyker; Louis R Cantilena; Naya McMillan; Marsha Ford
Journal:  Clin Toxicol (Phila)       Date:  2014-12       Impact factor: 4.467

6.  Is ecstasy MDMA? A review of the proportion of ecstasy tablets containing MDMA, their dosage levels, and the changing perceptions of purity.

Authors:  A C Parrott
Journal:  Psychopharmacology (Berl)       Date:  2004-03-09       Impact factor: 4.530

7.  Crystals and tablets in the Spanish ecstasy market 2000-2014: Are they the same or different in terms of purity and adulteration?

Authors:  Claudio Vidal Giné; Mireia Ventura Vilamala; Iván Fornís Espinosa; Cristina Gil Lladanosa; Nú Calzada Álvarez; Ariadna Fitó Fruitós; Joan Rodríguez Rodríguez; Antonia Domíngo Salvany; Rafael de la Torre Fornell
Journal:  Forensic Sci Int       Date:  2016-04-20       Impact factor: 2.395

8.  Underreporting of ecstasy use among high school seniors in the US.

Authors:  Joseph J Palamar; Katherine Keyes; Charles M Cleland
Journal:  Drug Alcohol Depend       Date:  2016-06-06       Impact factor: 4.492

9.  New psychoactive substances as adulterants of controlled drugs. A worrying phenomenon?

Authors:  Claudio Vidal Giné; Iván Fornís Espinosa; Mireia Ventura Vilamala
Journal:  Drug Test Anal       Date:  2014-01-27       Impact factor: 3.345

10.  Drug testing in Europe: monitoring results of the Trans European Drug Information (TEDI) project.

Authors:  Tibor M Brunt; Constanze Nagy; Alexander Bücheli; Daniel Martins; Miren Ugarte; Cécile Beduwe; Mireia Ventura Vilamala
Journal:  Drug Test Anal       Date:  2016-02-17       Impact factor: 3.345

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  11 in total

1.  Prevalence of reagent test-kit use and perceptions of purity among ecstasy users in an electronic dance music scene in New York City.

Authors:  Joseph J Palamar; Monica J Barratt
Journal:  Drug Alcohol Rev       Date:  2018-12-21

2.  Hair testing to assess both known and unknown use of drugs amongst ecstasy users in the electronic dance music scene.

Authors:  Joseph J Palamar; Alberto Salomone; Enrico Gerace; Daniele Di Corcia; Marco Vincenti; Charles M Cleland
Journal:  Int J Drug Policy       Date:  2017-08-12

Review 3.  Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019.

Authors:  Nicole S Jones; Jeffrey H Comparin
Journal:  Forensic Sci Int Synerg       Date:  2020-05-24

4.  Diffusion of Ecstasy in the Electronic Dance Music Scene.

Authors:  Joseph J Palamar
Journal:  Subst Use Misuse       Date:  2020-07-30       Impact factor: 2.164

5.  What's in a Name? Correlates of Ecstasy Users Knowing or Agreeing that Molly is Ecstasy/MDMA.

Authors:  Joseph J Palamar
Journal:  J Psychoactive Drugs       Date:  2017-09-22

6.  Cognitive Effects of MDMA in Laboratory Animals: A Systematic Review Focusing on Dose.

Authors:  Madeline M Pantoni; Stephan G Anagnostaras
Journal:  Pharmacol Rev       Date:  2019-07       Impact factor: 25.468

7.  "Ecstasy" to addiction: Mechanisms and reinforcing effects of three synthetic cathinone analogs of MDMA.

Authors:  Sean B Dolan; Zhenglan Chen; Renqi Huang; Michael B Gatch
Journal:  Neuropharmacology       Date:  2018-01-31       Impact factor: 5.250

Review 8.  Synthetic cathinone adulteration of illegal drugs.

Authors:  Chicora F Oliver; Joseph J Palamar; Alberto Salomone; Steven J Simmons; Helene L Philogene-Khalid; Nick Stokes-McCloskey; Scott M Rawls
Journal:  Psychopharmacology (Berl)       Date:  2018-10-18       Impact factor: 4.530

9.  Non-Consensual Sexual Contact at Electronic Dance Music Parties.

Authors:  Joseph J Palamar; Marybec Griffin
Journal:  Arch Sex Behav       Date:  2020-01-02

10.  Shifting characteristics of ecstasy users ages 12-34 in the United States, 2007-2014.

Authors:  Joseph J Palamar; Pia M Mauro; Benjamin H Han; Silvia S Martins
Journal:  Drug Alcohol Depend       Date:  2017-10-06       Impact factor: 4.492

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