Making the Most of Cancer Surgery with Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy.

Surgery remains our strongest treatment pillar against early stages of cancer. In a number of instances, the curative potential of surgery can be enhanced by treatments given before (neoadjuvant) or after (adjuvant) surgical procedures. Immunomodulation has emerged as a powerful tool to fight metastatic disease across cancer histologies and goes now to be tested at earlier surgically amenable stages. The work by Liu and colleagues in this issue provides solid preclinical evidence in support of neoadjuvant immunotherapy over adjuvant approaches. Cancer Discov; 6(12); 1312-4. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Liu and colleagues, p. 1382. ©2016 American Association for Cancer Research.