Salam Zein1, Samar Rachidi2, Nadine Shami3, Iman Sharara3, Khawla Cheikh-Ali3, Anne-Sophie Gauchez4, Jean-Marc Moulis5, Jean-Marc Ayoubi6, Pascale Salameh2, Isabelle Hininger-Favier7. 1. Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, P.O. Box 6573/14 Badaro, Museum, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Bioenergetic Fundamental and Applied (LBFA), University Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France. 2. Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, P.O. Box 6573/14 Badaro, Museum, Beirut, Lebanon. 3. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bahman hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. 4. Plateforme de radioactivité, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CHU, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France. 5. Laboratory of Bioenergetic Fundamental and Applied (LBFA), University Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France; INSERM, U1055, France; Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute (BIG), CEA-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. 6. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hôpital Foch, University Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 40 rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France. 7. Laboratory of Bioenergetic Fundamental and Applied (LBFA), University Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France; Plateforme de radioactivité, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CHU, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France. Electronic address: isabelle.hininger@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
Abstract
Elevated circulating ferritin has been reported to increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). When high ferritin translates into high iron stores, iron excess is also a condition leading to free radical damage. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) induced by iron status and GDM risk in non iron-supplemented pregnant women. METHODS: This was a pilot observational study conducted on 93 non-anemic pregnant women. Iron status was assessed at the first trimester of gestation. Blood sampling was done at 24-28 weeks' gestation for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin and biological markers of oxidative damage tests. RESULTS: A significant increase in DNA damage was found in patients who developed GDM. Women with elevated DNA damage had a six-fold increased risk of developing GDM (Exp (B)=6.851, P=0.038; 95% CI [1.108-42.375]). The serum ferritin levels at first trimester were significantly correlated to lipid peroxidation (rho=0.24, p=0.012). The stratified analysis suggests that ferritin is a modifying factor for the correlation of oxidative stress (OS) and glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION: Moderate ferritin levels due to iron intake without iron-supplement, at early pregnancy is a modifying factor for the correlation of oxidative damage and glucose intolerance in pregnant women. Larger studies to evaluate the risk of food iron intake induced increased oxidative damage in offspring are warranted to propose nutrition advice regarding iron intake in women with a high risk of GDM.
Elevated circulating ferritin has been reported to increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). When high ferritin translates into high iron stores, iron excess is also a condition leading to free radical damage. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) induced by iron status and GDM risk in non iron-supplemented pregnant women. METHODS: This was a pilot observational study conducted on 93 non-anemic pregnant women. Iron status was assessed at the first trimester of gestation. Blood sampling was done at 24-28 weeks' gestation for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin and biological markers of oxidative damage tests. RESULTS: A significant increase in DNA damage was found in patients who developed GDM. Women with elevated DNA damage had a six-fold increased risk of developing GDM (Exp (B)=6.851, P=0.038; 95% CI [1.108-42.375]). The serum ferritin levels at first trimester were significantly correlated to lipid peroxidation (rho=0.24, p=0.012). The stratified analysis suggests that ferritin is a modifying factor for the correlation of oxidative stress (OS) and glucose intolerance. CONCLUSION: Moderate ferritin levels due to iron intake without iron-supplement, at early pregnancy is a modifying factor for the correlation of oxidative damage and glucose intolerance in pregnant women. Larger studies to evaluate the risk of food iron intake induced increased oxidative damage in offspring are warranted to propose nutrition advice regarding iron intake in women with a high risk of GDM.