Neerav Goyal1,2, Bharat B Yarlagadda3,4, Daniel G Deschler3, Kevin S Emerick3, Derrick T Lin3, Debbie L Rich5, James W Rocco6, Marlene L Durand7. 1. Harvard Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ngoyal1@hmc.psu.edu. 2. Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA. 3. Harvard Medical School, Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 4. Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA. 5. Department of Nursing, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 6. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA. 7. Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, and Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Infectious Disease Service, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate surgical site infections (SSI) after pedicled reconstruction in head and neck surgery. METHODS: Records of patients with pedicled flap reconstructions between 2009 and 2014 at Massachusetts Eye and Ear were reviewed. Onset of SSI or fistula ≤30 days postoperatively was noted. A free flap cohort was reviewed for comparison. RESULTS: Two hundred and eight pedicled reconstructions were performed for cancer (83%), osteoradionecrosis (7%), and other reasons (10%). Most (72%) cases were clean-contaminated and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification 3 or higher (73%); 63% of patients had prior radiation. The SSIs occurred in 9.1% and were associated with a longer length of stay (P = .004) but no particular risk factors. Seventeen patients developed a fistula (11 without SSI). The SSI rates were not significantly different between pedicled and free flaps, but pedicled flap patients were older, more likely to have had prior surgery and/or radiation, and be methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus positive. In the combined population, multivariate analysis demonstrated clean-contaminated wound classification (P = .03), longer operating time (P = .03), and clindamycin prophylaxis (P = .009) as SSI risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The SSI rate following pedicled flap surgeries was low and similar to free flap surgeries despite a significantly different population. No specific risk factors were associated with developing a pedicled flap SSI.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate surgical site infections (SSI) after pedicled reconstruction in head and neck surgery. METHODS: Records of patients with pedicled flap reconstructions between 2009 and 2014 at Massachusetts Eye and Ear were reviewed. Onset of SSI or fistula ≤30 days postoperatively was noted. A free flap cohort was reviewed for comparison. RESULTS: Two hundred and eight pedicled reconstructions were performed for cancer (83%), osteoradionecrosis (7%), and other reasons (10%). Most (72%) cases were clean-contaminated and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification 3 or higher (73%); 63% of patients had prior radiation. The SSIs occurred in 9.1% and were associated with a longer length of stay (P = .004) but no particular risk factors. Seventeen patients developed a fistula (11 without SSI). The SSI rates were not significantly different between pedicled and free flaps, but pedicled flap patients were older, more likely to have had prior surgery and/or radiation, and be methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus positive. In the combined population, multivariate analysis demonstrated clean-contaminated wound classification (P = .03), longer operating time (P = .03), and clindamycin prophylaxis (P = .009) as SSI risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The SSI rate following pedicled flap surgeries was low and similar to free flap surgeries despite a significantly different population. No specific risk factors were associated with developing a pedicled flap SSI.
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