Recurrence of childhood nephrogenic adenoma in urinary bladder developed four years after previous surgery despite intravesical sodium hyaluronate therapy.

Nephrogenic adenoma (NA) is a rarely seen benign metaplastic lesion of the urinary tract. Its etiology is uncertain, but induced by chronic inflammation, irritation, and trauma. NA is located in the urinary tract, most commonly in the bladder. NA usually presents with hematuria and lower urinary tract symptoms. In the literature it is mostly seen in adults but about 30 cases of NA's have been reported in children. Treatment of intravesical lesions consists of transurethral resection (TUR) and fulguration and rarely partial or total cystectomy may be required in ineffective TUR. Recurrence rate is high during long-term follow-up. The intravesical application of sodium hyaluronate produces a protective effect on the glycosaminoglycan layer and delays or prevents its recurrence. We report a case of recurrent NA of the bladder in a pediatric male patient who was presented four years after previous surgery despite intravesical sodium hyaluronate therapy.