Ming Zhang1, Chengyi Han2, Chongjian Wang2, Jinjin Wang3, Linlin Li2, Lu Zhang4, Bingyuan Wang4, Yongcheng Ren4, Hongyan Zhang2, Xiangyu Yang2, Yang Zhao2, Junmei Zhou1, Chao Pang5, Lei Yin5, Tianping Feng5, Jingzhi Zhao5, Xinping Luo6, Dongsheng Hu7. 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China. 3. Discipline of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Center of Preventive Medicine Research and Assessment, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China. 4. Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China. 5. Department of Prevention and Health Care, Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China. 6. Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lxp@szu.edu.cn. 7. Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hud@szu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-associated death (CVD death) with increased resting heart rate (RHR); however, whether the association is consistent in rural Chinese with hypertension and normotension is unknown. We examined the association of RHR and CVD death by hypertension and normotension status in rural Chinese people. METHODS: Baseline data for 20,069 participants ≥18 years old were collected during July to August of 2007 and July to August of 2008; 17,151 (85.5%) participants were followed up in July to August of 2013 and July to October of 2014. The association of RHR and CVD death was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: During a mean of 5.88 years (100,889 person-years) of follow-up, we recorded 479 CVD deaths (309 in hypertensive participants). CVD death increased significantly with increasing RHR, beginning from 80 beats per minute (bpm), for hypertensive and normotensive participants. After adjusting for pulse pressure and other covariates, for hypertensive participants, risk of CVD death was increased with RHR 80-89 and ≥90bpm. However, for normotensive participants, risk of CVD death was increased with only RHR≥90bpm. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of CVD death was associated with elevated RHR for both hypertensive and normotensive rural Chinese, and for hypertensive participants, even slightly elevated RHR was associated with CVD death.
BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-associated death (CVD death) with increased resting heart rate (RHR); however, whether the association is consistent in rural Chinese with hypertension and normotension is unknown. We examined the association of RHR and CVD death by hypertension and normotension status in rural Chinese people. METHODS: Baseline data for 20,069 participants ≥18 years old were collected during July to August of 2007 and July to August of 2008; 17,151 (85.5%) participants were followed up in July to August of 2013 and July to October of 2014. The association of RHR and CVD death was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: During a mean of 5.88 years (100,889 person-years) of follow-up, we recorded 479 CVD deaths (309 in hypertensiveparticipants). CVD death increased significantly with increasing RHR, beginning from 80 beats per minute (bpm), for hypertensive and normotensive participants. After adjusting for pulse pressure and other covariates, for hypertensiveparticipants, risk of CVD death was increased with RHR 80-89 and ≥90bpm. However, for normotensive participants, risk of CVD death was increased with only RHR≥90bpm. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of CVD death was associated with elevated RHR for both hypertensive and normotensive rural Chinese, and for hypertensiveparticipants, even slightly elevated RHR was associated with CVD death.