Formal nucleophilic borylation and borylative cyclization of organic halides.

This review describes recent advances in direct borylation reactions of organic halides, including both transition-metal-catalyzed and metal-free methods. Since the pioneering work on palladium-catalyzed boryl substitution of aryl halides with a diboron compound reported by Miyaura and co-workers in 1995, various catalytic systems for the borylation of aryl, alkneyl, and alkyl halides have been developed to give a wide range of organoboronate esters that cannot be synthesized using conventional methods. Borylative cyclization of alkyl halides is also discussed.