Yentl C Haan1, Inge Oudman2, Frederieke S Diemer3, Fares A Karamat2, Irene G van Valkengoed4, Gert A van Montfrans5, Lizzy M Brewster6. 1. Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: mail@lizzybrewster.net. 2. Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Flustraat 1, Paramaribo, Suriname. 4. Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Public Health, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Creatine kinase (CK), the central regulatory enzyme of energy metabolism, is particularly high in type II skeletal muscle fibers, which are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. As resting plasma CK is mainly derived from skeletal muscle, we assessed whether plasma CK is associated with markers of obesity. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed a random sample of the multi-ethnic population of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, consisting of 1444 subjects aged 34-60 years. The primary outcome was the independent association between plasma CK after rest and waist circumference. Other outcomes included waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index. RESULTS: Mean waist circumference increased from the first through the third CK tertile, respectively 90.3 (SD 13.4), 93.2 (SD 14.3), and 94.4 (SD 13.3) cm (p < 0.001 for differences between tertiles). The increase in waist circumference was 8.91 (95% CI 5.35 to 12.47) cm per log CK increase after adjustment for age, sex, African ethnicity, educational level, physical activity and plasma creatinine. Similarly, CK was independently associated with waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index, with an increase of respectively 0.05 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.07) and 3.6 (95% CI 2.3 to 5.0) kg/m2 per log CK increase. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma CK is independently associated with measures of obesity in a multi-ethnic population. This is in line with the central role of type II skeletal muscle fibers in energy metabolism and obesity. Prospective studies should assess whether resting plasma CK could be an easy accessible marker of CK rich type II fiber predominance that helps identify individuals at risk for obesity.
OBJECTIVE: Creatine kinase (CK), the central regulatory enzyme of energy metabolism, is particularly high in type II skeletal muscle fibers, which are associated with insulin resistance and obesity. As resting plasma CK is mainly derived from skeletal muscle, we assessed whether plasma CK is associated with markers of obesity. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed a random sample of the multi-ethnic population of Amsterdam, the Netherlands, consisting of 1444 subjects aged 34-60 years. The primary outcome was the independent association between plasma CK after rest and waist circumference. Other outcomes included waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index. RESULTS: Mean waist circumference increased from the first through the third CK tertile, respectively 90.3 (SD 13.4), 93.2 (SD 14.3), and 94.4 (SD 13.3) cm (p < 0.001 for differences between tertiles). The increase in waist circumference was 8.91 (95% CI 5.35 to 12.47) cm per log CK increase after adjustment for age, sex, African ethnicity, educational level, physical activity and plasma creatinine. Similarly, CK was independently associated with waist-to-hip ratio and body mass index, with an increase of respectively 0.05 (95% CI 0.03 to 0.07) and 3.6 (95% CI 2.3 to 5.0) kg/m2 per log CK increase. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma CK is independently associated with measures of obesity in a multi-ethnic population. This is in line with the central role of type II skeletal muscle fibers in energy metabolism and obesity. Prospective studies should assess whether resting plasma CK could be an easy accessible marker of CK rich type II fiber predominance that helps identify individuals at risk for obesity.
Authors: Fares A Karamat; Deborah L Horjus; Yentl C Haan; Lisa van der Woude; Marianne C Schaap; Inge Oudman; Gert A van Montfrans; Rienk Nieuwland; Gajja S Salomons; Joseph F Clark; Lizzy M Brewster Journal: Br J Clin Pharmacol Date: 2017-09-20 Impact factor: 4.335
Authors: Noora Al-Hail; Alexandra E Butler; Soha R Dargham; Ahmed Abou Seif; Stephen L Atkin Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2019-09-25 Impact factor: 5.555
Authors: Charles R Vasquez; Thomas DiSanto; John P Reilly; Caitlin M Forker; Daniel N Holena; Qufei Wu; Paul N Lanken; Jason D Christie; Michael G S Shashaty Journal: J Trauma Acute Care Surg Date: 2020-07 Impact factor: 3.697