Marta Garaulet1, Antonio Martinez-Nicolas2, Jonatan R Ruiz3, Kenn Konstabel4, Idoia Labayen5, Marcela González-Gross6, Ascensión Marcos7, Dénes Molnar8, Kurt Widhalm9, Jose Antonio Casajús10, Stefaan De Henauw11, Anthony Kafatos12, Christina Breidenassel13, Michael Sjöström14, Manuel J Castillo15, Luis A Moreno16, Juan A Madrid2, Francisco B Ortega3. 1. Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: garaulet@um.es. 2. Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Murcia and Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain. 3. PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. 4. Department of Chronic Diseases, Centre of Health and Behavioral Sciences, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia. 5. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain. 6. Department of Health and Human Performance, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. 7. Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frio, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain. 8. Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, József A, Pécs, Hungary. 9. Division of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 10. GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Faculty of Health and Sport Science (FCSD), Department of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain. 11. Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 12. Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. 13. Institut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften - Humanernährung, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany. 14. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. 15. Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. 16. GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain; Faculty of Health Science (FCS), Department of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Chronobiology studies periodic changes in living organisms and it has been proposed as a promising approach to investigate obesity. We analyze the association of the characteristics of the rest-activity rhythms with obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk in adolescents from nine European countries. METHODS: 1044 adolescents (12.5-17.5 y) were studied. Circadian health was evaluated by actigraphy with accelerometers (Actigraph GT1M). Characteristics of the daytime activity such as fragmentation (intradaily variability), estimated acrophase, and 10 h mean daytime activity index were obtained. Body composition was assessed using Bioelectrical-Impedance-Analysis, skinfold thickness, air-displacement-plethysmography and Dual-energy-X-ray-Absorptiometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and metabolic risk were studied. RESULTS: Highly fragmented activity rhythms were associated with obesity and central adiposity (P < 0.05). Obese adolescents had ∼3 times higher odds of having a high fragmentation of daytime activity compared to normal weight adolescents OR (95% CI) = 2.8 (1.170, 6.443). A highly fragmented rhythm was also related to lower cardiorespiratory fitness and higher metabolic risk (P < 0.05) so those adolescents classified as low fitness showed a significantly higher fragmentation of daytime activity than those included in the high fitness group (P < 0.0001). Other characteristics of the rhythms such as smaller 10 h daytime mean activity index and delayed estimated acrophase were also related to obesity and metabolic risk (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the daily organization of the rest-activity cycle is more fragmented in obese and less fit adolescents and correlates with higher metabolic risk. This fact reinforces our hypothesis that disturbances in daily rhythms can be considered as sensitive markers of poorer adolescent's health.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Chronobiology studies periodic changes in living organisms and it has been proposed as a promising approach to investigate obesity. We analyze the association of the characteristics of the rest-activity rhythms with obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk in adolescents from nine European countries. METHODS: 1044 adolescents (12.5-17.5 y) were studied. Circadian health was evaluated by actigraphy with accelerometers (Actigraph GT1M). Characteristics of the daytime activity such as fragmentation (intradaily variability), estimated acrophase, and 10 h mean daytime activity index were obtained. Body composition was assessed using Bioelectrical-Impedance-Analysis, skinfold thickness, air-displacement-plethysmography and Dual-energy-X-ray-Absorptiometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and metabolic risk were studied. RESULTS: Highly fragmented activity rhythms were associated with obesity and central adiposity (P < 0.05). Obese adolescents had ∼3 times higher odds of having a high fragmentation of daytime activity compared to normal weight adolescents OR (95% CI) = 2.8 (1.170, 6.443). A highly fragmented rhythm was also related to lower cardiorespiratory fitness and higher metabolic risk (P < 0.05) so those adolescents classified as low fitness showed a significantly higher fragmentation of daytime activity than those included in the high fitness group (P < 0.0001). Other characteristics of the rhythms such as smaller 10 h daytime mean activity index and delayed estimated acrophase were also related to obesity and metabolic risk (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the daily organization of the rest-activity cycle is more fragmented in obese and less fit adolescents and correlates with higher metabolic risk. This fact reinforces our hypothesis that disturbances in daily rhythms can be considered as sensitive markers of poorer adolescent's health.
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