Shih-Hui Huang1, Ken-Pen Weng2, Ching-Chiang Lin3, Chung-Cheng Wang4, Charles Tzu-Chi Lee5, Luo-Ping Ger6, Ming-Tsang Wu7. 1. Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. 3. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Planning Department, Fooyin University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. 4. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC. 5. Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. 6. Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. 7. Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC. Electronic address: e_encourage@yahoo.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effect of maternal exposure to essential minerals and heavy metals on fetus is an important issue, which affects women around the world. Few data are available on the concentration of both essential minerals and heavy metals in maternal/fetal medicine. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the correlation of mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in paired maternal/fetal blood samples, and (2) study potential confounding factors during pregnancy. METHODS: Our study recruited 145 healthy pregnant women with a mean age of 28.06 years, gathering information by collecting interviewer-administered questionnaires. Paired maternal/fetal blood samples were collected by delivery. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation of Hg (r = 0.78, p<0.001), Mn (r = 0.31, p<0.001), Fe (r = 0.17, p = 0.038), and Cu (r = 0.21, p = 0.010) in paired maternal/fetal samples. Prenatal vitamin use (>3 times/wk) was significantly associated with lower maternal Hg (adjusted odds ratio 0.272, p = 0.005) and lower maternal Cu (adjusted odds ratio 0.267, p = 0.004) levels. Median fetal Hg, Mn, and Fe levels were higher than corresponding maternal levels, while median fetal Cu level was lower than maternal Cu level. CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation of Hg, Fe, Cu, and Mn in paired maternal/fetal samples in this series. Our findings have raised the possibility of reducing maternal Hg and Cu by way of prenatal vitamin supplementation.
BACKGROUND: The effect of maternal exposure to essential minerals and heavy metals on fetus is an important issue, which affects women around the world. Few data are available on the concentration of both essential minerals and heavy metals in maternal/fetal medicine. The aims of this study were to (1) assess the correlation of mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) in paired maternal/fetal blood samples, and (2) study potential confounding factors during pregnancy. METHODS: Our study recruited 145 healthy pregnant women with a mean age of 28.06 years, gathering information by collecting interviewer-administered questionnaires. Paired maternal/fetal blood samples were collected by delivery. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation of Hg (r = 0.78, p<0.001), Mn (r = 0.31, p<0.001), Fe (r = 0.17, p = 0.038), and Cu (r = 0.21, p = 0.010) in paired maternal/fetal samples. Prenatal vitamin use (>3 times/wk) was significantly associated with lower maternal Hg (adjusted odds ratio 0.272, p = 0.005) and lower maternal Cu (adjusted odds ratio 0.267, p = 0.004) levels. Median fetal Hg, Mn, and Fe levels were higher than corresponding maternal levels, while median fetal Cu level was lower than maternal Cu level. CONCLUSION: There was a positive correlation of Hg, Fe, Cu, and Mn in paired maternal/fetal samples in this series. Our findings have raised the possibility of reducing maternal Hg and Cu by way of prenatal vitamin supplementation.
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