Viviane Batista Cristiano1, Michele Fonseca Vieira Szortyka1, Maria Inês Lobato2, Keila Maria Ceresér2,3, Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu2,3. 1. a PhD Students of the Psychiatry Program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil. 2. b Department of Psychiatry of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil. 3. c Professor of the Program of Post Graduation in Psychiatry at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between posture and inflammatory response markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and von Willebrand factor [vWF]) in schizophrenics. METHODS: Forty patients with stable schizophrenia were divided into early-stage (<10 years since first episode, n = 15) and late-stage (≥10 years since first episode, n = 25) groups. Both groups were compared to controls (n = 26). All participants underwent postural assessment by biophotogrammetry. Cases alone underwent blood collection. The significance level was set at 5%, and analyses were carried out in SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: In the early-stage group, 15 postural angles were significantly different from their reference ranges, whereas in the late-stage group, only seven angles were significantly different. In comparison with the control group, only six angles were significantly different. There was no difference in inflammation markers between the early- and late-stage groups. However, CRP levels were higher in cases with greater disease severity, and vWF was associated with forward head posture. Pain correlated with five postural angles, and late-stage patients reported more pain than early-stage cases. CONCLUSIONS: CRP was associated with disease severity, while vWF and pain were associated with forward head posture, hyperlordosis and scoliosis, suggesting an association between vascular inflammation and pain, with an influence on posture.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between posture and inflammatory response markers (C-reactive protein [CRP] and von Willebrand factor [vWF]) in schizophrenics. METHODS: Forty patients with stable schizophrenia were divided into early-stage (<10 years since first episode, n = 15) and late-stage (≥10 years since first episode, n = 25) groups. Both groups were compared to controls (n = 26). All participants underwent postural assessment by biophotogrammetry. Cases alone underwent blood collection. The significance level was set at 5%, and analyses were carried out in SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: In the early-stage group, 15 postural angles were significantly different from their reference ranges, whereas in the late-stage group, only seven angles were significantly different. In comparison with the control group, only six angles were significantly different. There was no difference in inflammation markers between the early- and late-stage groups. However, CRP levels were higher in cases with greater disease severity, and vWF was associated with forward head posture. Pain correlated with five postural angles, and late-stage patients reported more pain than early-stage cases. CONCLUSIONS:CRP was associated with disease severity, while vWF and pain were associated with forward head posture, hyperlordosis and scoliosis, suggesting an association between vascular inflammation and pain, with an influence on posture.
Entities:
Keywords:
C-reactive protein; Schizophrenia; pain; posture; von Willebrand factor
Authors: Gerwyn Morris; Basant K Puri; Lisa Olive; Andre Carvalho; Michael Berk; Ken Walder; Lise Tuset Gustad; Michael Maes Journal: BMC Med Date: 2020-10-19 Impact factor: 8.775