P Musto1, K C Anderson2, M Attal3, P G Richardson2, A Badros4, J Hou5, R Comenzo6, J Du5, B G M Durie7, J San Miguel8, H Einsele9, W M Chen10, L Garderet11, G Pietrantuono12, J Hillengass13, R A Kyle14, P Moreau15, J J Lahuerta16, O Landgren17, H Ludwig18, A Larocca19, A Mahindra20, M Cavo21, A Mazumder22, P L McCarthy23, A Nouel24, S V Rajkumar14, A Reiman25, E Riva26, O Sezer27, E Terpos28, I Turesson29, S Usmani30, B M Weiss31, A Palumbo19. 1. Scientific Direction, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy. 2. Hematologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA. 3. Hematology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France. 4. School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA. 5. Department of Hematology, Myeloma and Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. 6. Hematology/Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston. 7. Samuel Oschin Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA. 8. Navarra University Clinic, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain. 9. Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. 10. Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. 11. Hematology Clinic, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France. 12. Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy. 13. Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. 14. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA. 15. Hematology, University Hospital, Nantes, France. 16. Spanish Myeloma Group, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. 17. Hematologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA. 18. 1st Medical Department and Oncology, Wilhelminenspital Der Stat Wien, Vienna, Austria. 19. Division of Hematology, University of Torino, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy. 20. School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA. 21. Department of Specialized, Experimental, & Diagnostic Medicine, University of Bolgona, Bologna, Italy. 22. Medical Oncology, NYU Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York. 23. Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, USA. 24. Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Rutz y Paez, Bolivar, Venezuela. 25. Department of Oncology, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada. 26. Hematology Department, Hospital de Clinicas, Montevideo, Uruguay. 27. Hematology Department, Memorial Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. 28. School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. 29. Department of Hematology and Coagulation Disorders, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden. 30. Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte. 31. Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Abstract
Background: Therapeutic advancements following the introduction of autologous stem cell transplantation and 'novel' agents have significantly improved clinical outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Increased life expectancy, however, has led to renewed concerns about the long-term risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs). This review outlines the most up-to-date knowledge of possible host-, disease-, and treatment-related risk factors for the development of SPMs in patients with MM, and provides practical recommendations to assist physicians. Design: A Panel of International Myeloma Working Group members reviewed the most relevant data published in the literature as full papers, or presented at meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Hematology, European Hematology Association, or International Myeloma Workshops, up to June 2016. Here, we present the recommendations of the Panel, based on this literature review. Results: Overall, the risk of SPMs in MM is low, multifactorial, and partially related to the length of patients' survival and MM intrinsic susceptibility. Studies suggest a significantly increased incidence of SPMs when lenalidomide is administered either following, or concurrently with, oral melphalan. Increased SPM incidence has also been reported with lenalidomide maintenance following high-dose melphalan, albeit to a lesser degree. In both cases, the risk of death from MM was significantly higher than the risk of death from SPMs, with lenalidomide possibly providing a survival benefit. No increase in SPM incidence was reported with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (without melphalan), or with bortezomib plus oral melphalan, dexamethasone, or thalidomide. Conclusion: In general, the risk of SPMs should not alter the current therapeutic decision-making process in MM. However, regimens such as lenalidomide plus dexamethasone should be preferred to prolonged exposure to lenalidomide plus oral melphalan. SPM risk should be carefully discussed with the patient in the context of benefits and risks of different treatment options.
Background: Therapeutic advancements following the introduction of autologous stem cell transplantation and 'novel' agents have significantly improved clinical outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Increased life expectancy, however, has led to renewed concerns about the long-term risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs). This review outlines the most up-to-date knowledge of possible host-, disease-, and treatment-related risk factors for the development of SPMs in patients with MM, and provides practical recommendations to assist physicians. Design: A Panel of International Myeloma Working Group members reviewed the most relevant data published in the literature as full papers, or presented at meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Hematology, European Hematology Association, or International Myeloma Workshops, up to June 2016. Here, we present the recommendations of the Panel, based on this literature review. Results: Overall, the risk of SPMs in MM is low, multifactorial, and partially related to the length of patients' survival and MM intrinsic susceptibility. Studies suggest a significantly increased incidence of SPMs when lenalidomide is administered either following, or concurrently with, oral melphalan. Increased SPM incidence has also been reported with lenalidomide maintenance following high-dose melphalan, albeit to a lesser degree. In both cases, the risk of death from MM was significantly higher than the risk of death from SPMs, with lenalidomide possibly providing a survival benefit. No increase in SPM incidence was reported with lenalidomide plus dexamethasone (without melphalan), or with bortezomib plus oral melphalan, dexamethasone, or thalidomide. Conclusion: In general, the risk of SPMs should not alter the current therapeutic decision-making process in MM. However, regimens such as lenalidomide plus dexamethasone should be preferred to prolonged exposure to lenalidomide plus oral melphalan. SPM risk should be carefully discussed with the patient in the context of benefits and risks of different treatment options.
Authors: Kylee Maclachlan; Benjamin Diamond; Francesco Maura; Jens Hillengass; Ingemar Turesson; C Ola Landgren; Dickran Kazandjian Journal: Best Pract Res Clin Haematol Date: 2020-01-11 Impact factor: 3.020
Authors: R Chakraborty; E Muchtar; S K Kumar; F K Buadi; D Dingli; A Dispenzieri; S R Hayman; W J Hogan; P Kapoor; M Q Lacy; N Leung; R Warsame; T Kourelis; W Gonsalves; M A Gertz Journal: Leukemia Date: 2017-08-14 Impact factor: 11.528
Authors: Sundar Jagannath; Rafat Abonour; Brian G M Durie; Mohit Narang; Howard R Terebelo; Cristina J Gasparetto; Kathleen Toomey; James W Hardin; Lynne Wagner; Amit Agarwal; Shankar Srinivasan; Amani Kitali; E Dawn Flick; Michael Sturniolo; Robert M Rifkin Journal: Blood Adv Date: 2018-07-10
Authors: Maximilian Mair; Christian Straka; Thomas Buratti; Martina Tauber; Manfred Mitterer; Dominic Fong Journal: Ann Hematol Date: 2020-03-05 Impact factor: 3.673