OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC). DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Established population-based cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland. PARTICIPANTS: Women (mean age 76 ± 5) who had completed questionnaires on HRT use (N = 2,867). MEASUREMENTS: Coronary artery calcium assessed using computed tomography was the outcome variable and was compared between women with history of HRT and those who had never used HRT and analyzed according to age, length of use, and time after menopause that HRT was initiated. RESULTS: Eight hundred seventy-two (30.4%) participants had used HRT, and 312 (10.9%) were current users. After adjustment for age, other late-life variables, and a propensity score based on midlife data for HRT use as observed in late life, there were significant negative associations between CAC and history and length of HRT use. This association was evident in all age categories. When HRT had been used for longer than 15 years, median CAC level was less than 50% of that observed in never users. The lowest CAC was observed in those who started HRT within 5 years after menopause. The prevalence of coronary events was comparable in both groups. CONCLUSION: A strong association was found between long-term HRT use and low CAC. The negative association between duration of HRT and CAC was evident in all age groups of older women.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC). DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Established population-based cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland. PARTICIPANTS: Women (mean age 76 ± 5) who had completed questionnaires on HRT use (N = 2,867). MEASUREMENTS: Coronary artery calcium assessed using computed tomography was the outcome variable and was compared between women with history of HRT and those who had never used HRT and analyzed according to age, length of use, and time after menopause that HRT was initiated. RESULTS: Eight hundred seventy-two (30.4%) participants had used HRT, and 312 (10.9%) were current users. After adjustment for age, other late-life variables, and a propensity score based on midlife data for HRT use as observed in late life, there were significant negative associations between CAC and history and length of HRT use. This association was evident in all age categories. When HRT had been used for longer than 15 years, median CAC level was less than 50% of that observed in never users. The lowest CAC was observed in those who started HRT within 5 years after menopause. The prevalence of coronary events was comparable in both groups. CONCLUSION: A strong association was found between long-term HRT use and low CAC. The negative association between duration of HRT and CAC was evident in all age groups of older women.
Authors: S Mitchell Harman; Dennis M Black; Frederick Naftolin; Eliot A Brinton; Matthew J Budoff; Marcelle I Cedars; Paul N Hopkins; Rogerio A Lobo; JoAnn E Manson; George R Merriam; Virginia M Miller; Genevieve Neal-Perry; Nanette Santoro; Hugh S Taylor; Eric Vittinghoff; Mingzhu Yan; Howard N Hodis Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2014-08-19 Impact factor: 25.391
Authors: Jacques E Rossouw; Ross L Prentice; JoAnn E Manson; Lieling Wu; David Barad; Vanessa M Barnabei; Marcia Ko; Andrea Z LaCroix; Karen L Margolis; Marcia L Stefanick Journal: JAMA Date: 2007-04-04 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Ross L Prentice; Robert Langer; Marcia L Stefanick; Barbara V Howard; Mary Pettinger; Garnet Anderson; David Barad; J David Curb; Jane Kotchen; Lewis Kuller; Marian Limacher; Jean Wactawski-Wende Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2005-07-20 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: Louise Lind Schierbeck; Lars Rejnmark; Charlotte Landbo Tofteng; Lis Stilgren; Pia Eiken; Leif Mosekilde; Lars Køber; Jens-Erik Beck Jensen Journal: BMJ Date: 2012-10-09