Effect of infusion of monoclonal antibodies to tumour necrosis factor-receptor super family 25 on graft rejection in allo-immune mice receiving autologous marrow transplantation.

Significant barriers to transplantation exist for individuals who are pre-sensitized to donor antigen and have high titres of donor-reactive antibody. We report the effect of autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMTx) after myeloablation in pre-sensitized mice along with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to tumour necrosis factor-receptor super family 25 (TNFRSF25), expressed on regulatory T (Treg) cells. C57BL/6 mice, which had been sensitized earlier with BALB/c skin allografts, received secondary BALB/c grafts after the primary grafts had been rejected. Subsequently, recipient mice underwent myeloablation with cyclophosphamide and busulphan and were injected with T-cell-depleted bone marrow from CD45.1 congenic donors (BMTx). Recipient mice underwent immunosuppressive treatment with rapamycin. A subgroup of mice was also treated with mAbs to TNFRSF25. Control mice were pre-sensitized mice that received cyclophosphamide and busulphan followed by rapamycin. BMTx-treated mice had significantly prolonged skin graft survival versus control mice. These mice also showed attenuated donor-specific mixed lymphocyte co-culture responses relative to controls, increased splenic Treg cells and markedly diminished serum anti-donor IgG. Infusion of anti-TNFRSF25 mAbs further augmented graft survival and increased graft-infiltrating Treg cells. These mAbs also expanded murine and human Treg cells in vitro with the capacity to attenuate mixed lymphocyte co-cultures using fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Overall, this study delineates the roles of autologous BMTx and anti-TNFRSF25 mAbs in expanding Treg cells and attenuating alloimmune responses in pre-sensitized mice.