Haixu Song1, Chenghui Yan2, Xiaoxiang Tian2, Nan Zhu2, Yang Li2, Dan Liu2, Yanxia Liu2, Meili Liu2, Chengfei Peng2, Quanyu Zhang2, Erhe Gao3, Yaling Han4. 1. Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China. 2. Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. 3. Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 4. Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, Liaoning, China. Electronic address: yaling.han1953@gmail.com.
Abstract
AIMS: Human cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a secreted glycoprotein that regulates tissue and cell homeostasis and has been shown to antagonize heart fibrosis, which indicates a potential protective effect of CREG against cardiomyocyte chronic damage. However, little is known about the role of CREG in myocardial tissue acute injury, in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of CREG in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and clarify the mechanism of action. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wild-type Creg (Creg+/+), heterozygous Creg (Creg+/-) mice and mice pretreated with infusion of recombinant 0.3mg/kg·d CREG protein (reCreg+/+) were subjected to 30min of left ascending coronary ischemia and 24h of reperfusion. Evan's Blue-triphenyl- tetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution and echocardiography analysis were used to evaluate the effects of CREG on MI/R mice. The underlying mechanisms were further determined by cultured myocardial cells in vitro. Our findings revealed that the level of CREG protein in mouse hearts was significantly decreased after mice were subjected to MI/R. Moreover, Creg+/- mice had larger infarction size 2h after reperfusion and worse cardiac function 28days after MI/R injury compared to that in Creg+/+ mice. However, reCreg+/+ mice could maintain CREG at a high level even after MI/R injury, and mitigated infarction size and improved cardiac function significantly. In Creg+/- mice, myocardial autophagy was dysfunctional characterized by accumulation of LC3A and p62, while apoptotic cell number increase was detected by cleaved caspase-3 blotting and TUNEL staining. Conversely, decreased apoptosis and activated autophagy were detected in reCreg+/+ mice. Furthermore, chloroquine, a kind of autophagy blocker, was used to demonstrate recombinant CREG protected cardiomyocytes against apoptosis mediated by activating autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we found CREG was involved into lysosomal protein transfer and improve cellular autophagy. CONCLUSION: CREG protects heart against MI/R injury-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis by activating lysosomal autophagy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren and Megan Yingmei Zhang.
AIMS: Human cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a secreted glycoprotein that regulates tissue and cell homeostasis and has been shown to antagonize heart fibrosis, which indicates a potential protective effect of CREG against cardiomyocyte chronic damage. However, little is known about the role of CREG in myocardial tissue acute injury, in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of CREG in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury and clarify the mechanism of action. METHODS AND RESULTS: Wild-type Creg (Creg+/+), heterozygous Creg (Creg+/-) mice and mice pretreated with infusion of recombinant 0.3mg/kg·d CREG protein (reCreg+/+) were subjected to 30min of left ascending coronary ischemia and 24h of reperfusion. Evan's Blue-triphenyl- tetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution and echocardiography analysis were used to evaluate the effects of CREG on MI/R mice. The underlying mechanisms were further determined by cultured myocardial cells in vitro. Our findings revealed that the level of CREG protein in mouse hearts was significantly decreased after mice were subjected to MI/R. Moreover, Creg+/- mice had larger infarction size 2h after reperfusion and worse cardiac function 28days after MI/R injury compared to that in Creg+/+ mice. However, reCreg+/+ mice could maintain CREG at a high level even after MI/R injury, and mitigated infarction size and improved cardiac function significantly. In Creg+/- mice, myocardial autophagy was dysfunctional characterized by accumulation of LC3A and p62, while apoptotic cell number increase was detected by cleaved caspase-3 blotting and TUNEL staining. Conversely, decreased apoptosis and activated autophagy were detected in reCreg+/+ mice. Furthermore, chloroquine, a kind of autophagy blocker, was used to demonstrate recombinant CREG protected cardiomyocytes against apoptosis mediated by activating autophagy both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we found CREG was involved into lysosomal protein transfer and improve cellular autophagy. CONCLUSION:CREG protects heart against MI/R injury-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis by activating lysosomal autophagy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren and Megan Yingmei Zhang.
Authors: Min Xie; Geoffrey W Cho; Yongli Kong; Dan L Li; Francisco Altamirano; Xiang Luo; Cyndi R Morales; Nan Jiang; Gabriele G Schiattarella; Herman I May; Jessica Medina; John M Shelton; Anwarul Ferdous; Thomas G Gillette; Joseph A Hill Journal: Circ Res Date: 2021-06-11 Impact factor: 23.213