Metalloendoprotease inhibitors block fast axonal transport.

Metalloendoprotease activity that was sensitive to the metal chelator 1,10-phenanthroline and to synthetic dipeptide substrates of the enzyme was detected in homogenates of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal nerve from the bullfrog. Exposure of an intact in vitro preparation of DRG and spinal nerves to 1,10-phenanthroline led to a dose-dependent depression in the accumulation of fast-transported 3H-labeled protein proximal to a nerve ligature. In nonligated preparations, the chelator treatment reduced the amount of transported protein entering the nerve; no marked effect on the transport rate was observed. Exposure of a desheathed region of spinal nerve to 1,10-phenanthroline, while DRG were maintained in control medium, resulted in a slight depression of fast transport. This effect was not dose dependent over the range that produced a dose response when both DRG and spinal nerve were exposed to the drug. Treatment of DRG and spinal nerve with the metalloendoprotease substrate analogues carbobenzoxy (CBZ)-Ser-Leu-amide or CBZ-Gly-Leu-amide inhibited fast axonal transport, whereas treatment with CBZ-Gly-Gly-amide, which is not a substrate, had no detectable effect on transport. Selective exposure of desheathed nerve trunk to CBZ-Ser-Leu-amide inhibited fast transport, but the effect was less marked than when DRG and nerve trunk were treated. Although previous studies have focused on the role of metalloendoprotease activity in exocytosis, the present data suggest that the enzyme may also be involved in earlier stages of intracellular transport.