María Fernández-Prada1,2, Pedro Ramos-Martín2, Jaime Madroñal-Menéndez2, Carmen Martínez-Ortega1,2, Joaquín González-Cabrera3. 1. Unidad de Vacunas. Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Oviedo. Asturias. España. 2. Área de Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública y Comunitaria. Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Oviedo. Oviedo. Asturias. España. 3. Departamento de Psicología de la Educación y Psicobiología. Facultad de Educación. Universidad Internacional de la Rioja. Logroño. La Rioja. España.joaquin.gonzalez@unir.net.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Immunization rates among medicine and nursing students -and among health professional in general- during hospital training are low. It is necessary to investigate the causes for these low immunization rates. The objective of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire for exploring the attitudes and behaviours of medicine and nursing students toward immunization of vaccine-preventable diseases. METHODS: An instrument validation study. The sample included 646 nursing and medicine students at University of Oviedo, Spain. It was a non-ramdom sampling. After the content validation process, a 24-item questionnaire was designed to assess attitudes and behaviours/behavioural intentions. Reliability (ordinal alpha), internal validity (exploratory factor analysis by parellel analysis), ANOVA and mediational model tests were performed. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors which accounted for 48.8% of total variance. Ordinal alpha for the total score was 0.92. Differences were observed across academic years in the dimensions of attitudes (F5.447=3.728) and knowledge (F5.448=65.59), but not in behaviours/behavioural intentions (F5.461=1.680). Attitudes demonstrated to be a moderating variable of knowledge and attitudes/behavioural attitudes (Indirect effect B=0.15; SD=0.3; 95% CI:0.09-0.19). CONCLUSIONS: We developed a questionnaie based on sufficient evidence of reliability and internal validity. Scores on attitudes and knowledge increase with the academic year. Attitudes act as a moderating variable between knowledge and behaviours/behavioural intentions.
OBJECTIVE: Immunization rates among medicine and nursing students -and among health professional in general- during hospital training are low. It is necessary to investigate the causes for these low immunization rates. The objective of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire for exploring the attitudes and behaviours of medicine and nursing students toward immunization of vaccine-preventable diseases. METHODS: An instrument validation study. The sample included 646 nursing and medicine students at University of Oviedo, Spain. It was a non-ramdom sampling. After the content validation process, a 24-item questionnaire was designed to assess attitudes and behaviours/behavioural intentions. Reliability (ordinal alpha), internal validity (exploratory factor analysis by parellel analysis), ANOVA and mediational model tests were performed. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis yielded two factors which accounted for 48.8% of total variance. Ordinal alpha for the total score was 0.92. Differences were observed across academic years in the dimensions of attitudes (F5.447=3.728) and knowledge (F5.448=65.59), but not in behaviours/behavioural intentions (F5.461=1.680). Attitudes demonstrated to be a moderating variable of knowledge and attitudes/behavioural attitudes (Indirect effect B=0.15; SD=0.3; 95% CI:0.09-0.19). CONCLUSIONS: We developed a questionnaie based on sufficient evidence of reliability and internal validity. Scores on attitudes and knowledge increase with the academic year. Attitudes act as a moderating variable between knowledge and behaviours/behavioural intentions.
Keywords:
Attitude to Health; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Immunization; Medical students; Questionnaire; Spain; Students, Nursing; Vaccines
Authors: Francisco Javier Pérez-Rivas; Ramón Del Gallego-Lastra; Cristina Maria Alves Marques-Vieira; Candelas López-López; Silvia Domínguez-Fernández; Milagros Rico-Blázquez; María Julia Ajejas Bazán Journal: Vaccines (Basel) Date: 2022-02-03
Authors: María Julia Ajejas Bazán; Ramón Del Gallego-Lastra; Cristina Maria Alves Marques-Vieira; Candelas López-López; Silvia Domínguez-Fernández; Milagros Rico-Blázquez; Francisco Javier Pérez-Rivas Journal: Vaccines (Basel) Date: 2022-01-21