| Literature DB >> 27814508 |
Rob Ter Horst1, Martin Jaeger1, Sanne P Smeekens1, Marije Oosting1, Morris A Swertz2, Yang Li2, Vinod Kumar2, Dimitri A Diavatopoulos3, Anne F M Jansen1, Heidi Lemmers1, Helga Toenhake-Dijkstra1, Antonius E van Herwaarden4, Matthijs Janssen5, Renate G van der Molen4, Irma Joosten4, Fred C G J Sweep4, Johannes W Smit6, Romana T Netea-Maier6, Mieke M J F Koenders7, Ramnik J Xavier8, Jos W M van der Meer1, Charles A Dinarello9, Norman Pavelka10, Cisca Wijmenga11, Richard A Notebaart1, Leo A B Joosten12, Mihai G Netea13.
Abstract
Differences in susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases are determined by variability in immune responses. In three studies within the Human Functional Genomics Project, we assessed the effect of environmental and non-genetic host factors of the genetic make-up of the host and of the intestinal microbiome on the cytokine responses in humans. We analyzed the association of these factors with circulating mediators and with six cytokines after stimulation with 19 bacterial, fungal, viral, and non-microbial metabolic stimuli in 534 healthy subjects. In this first study, we show a strong impact of non-genetic host factors (e.g., age and gender) on cytokine production and circulating mediators. Additionally, annual seasonality is found to be an important environmental factor influencing cytokine production. Alpha-1-antitrypsin concentrations partially mediate the seasonality of cytokine responses, whereas the effect of vitamin D levels is limited. The complete dataset has been made publicly available as a comprehensive resource for future studies. PAPERCLIP.Entities:
Keywords: age; alpha-1-antitrypsin; cytokines; environment; gender; genetics; host; microbiome; season; vitamin D
Mesh：
Substances：
Year: 2016 PMID： 27814508 PMCID： PMC5787854 DOI： 10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.018
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Cell ISSN： 0092-8674 Impact factor: 41.582