Toxicoproteomics in human health and disease: an update.

INTRODUCTION: Toxicoproteomics is an emerging area of omics, intended to explore the changes in protein expression and modifications in biological samples exposed to toxicants. The development of techniques that utilize sophisticated instruments in proteomics has facilitated the exploration of a wide-range of protein coverage and assisted the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of protein changes as a result of the toxic effects of toxic substances. Areas covered: Studies on toxicoproteomics have an immense potential to explore the molecular mechanism of action of a variety of toxic substances through deciphering the proteomic map altered as a result of toxicant exposure. Here, we provide an overview of toxicoproteomic approaches and the current paradigm of toxicoproteomics. Expert commentary: Research in this area continues to increase our understanding of the role of toxicants in worsening human health and toxicity driven diseases. The progress in toxicoproteomics may realize the development of novel biomarkers, drug targets and personalized medicines by incorporating the advanced proteomic applications in this field.