Dennis T Ko1, David A Alter2, Helen Guo3, Maria Koh3, Geoffrey Lau3, Peter C Austin4, Gillian L Booth5, William Hogg6, Cynthia A Jackevicius7, Douglas S Lee8, Harindra C Wijeysundera9, John T Wilkins10, Jack V Tu9. 1. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: dennis.ko@ices.on.ca. 2. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 6. Ottawa Research Group for Primary Health Care, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 7. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California. 8. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 9. Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 10. Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prognostic importance of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as a specific risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease has been challenged by recent clinical trials and genetic studies. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to reappraise the association of HDL-C level with CV and non-CV mortality using a "big data" approach. METHODS: An observational cohort study was conducted using the CANHEART (Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team) dataset, which was created by linking together 17 different individual-level data sources. People were included if they were between 40 and 105 years old on January 1, 2008, living in Ontario, Canada, without previous CV conditions or severe comorbidities, and had an outpatient fasting cholesterol measurement in the year prior to the inception date. The primary outcome was cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: A total of 631,762 individuals were included. The mean age of our cohort was 57.2 years, 55.4% were women, and mean HDL-C level was 55.2 mg/dl. There were 17,952 deaths during a mean follow-up of 4.9 ± 0.4 years. The overall all-cause mortality rate was 8.1 per 1,000 person-years for men and 6.6 per 1,000 person-years for women. Individuals with lower HDL-C levels were more likely to have low incomes, unhealthy lifestyle, higher triglycerides levels, other cardiac risk factors, and medical comorbidities. Individuals with lower HDL-C levels were independently associated with higher risk of CV, cancer, and other mortality compared with individuals in the reference ranges of HDL-C levels. In addition, individuals with higher HDL levels (>70 mg/dl in men, >90 mg/dl in women) had increased hazard of non-CV mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Complex associations exist between HDL-C levels and sociodemographic, lifestyle, comorbidity factors, and mortality. HDL-C level is unlikely to represent a CV-specific risk factor given similarities in its associations with non-CV outcomes.
BACKGROUND: The prognostic importance of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as a specific risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease has been challenged by recent clinical trials and genetic studies. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to reappraise the association of HDL-C level with CV and non-CV mortality using a "big data" approach. METHODS: An observational cohort study was conducted using the CANHEART (Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team) dataset, which was created by linking together 17 different individual-level data sources. People were included if they were between 40 and 105 years old on January 1, 2008, living in Ontario, Canada, without previous CV conditions or severe comorbidities, and had an outpatient fasting cholesterol measurement in the year prior to the inception date. The primary outcome was cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: A total of 631,762 individuals were included. The mean age of our cohort was 57.2 years, 55.4% were women, and mean HDL-C level was 55.2 mg/dl. There were 17,952 deaths during a mean follow-up of 4.9 ± 0.4 years. The overall all-cause mortality rate was 8.1 per 1,000 person-years for men and 6.6 per 1,000 person-years for women. Individuals with lower HDL-C levels were more likely to have low incomes, unhealthy lifestyle, higher triglycerides levels, other cardiac risk factors, and medical comorbidities. Individuals with lower HDL-C levels were independently associated with higher risk of CV, cancer, and other mortality compared with individuals in the reference ranges of HDL-C levels. In addition, individuals with higher HDL levels (>70 mg/dl in men, >90 mg/dl in women) had increased hazard of non-CV mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Complex associations exist between HDL-C levels and sociodemographic, lifestyle, comorbidity factors, and mortality. HDL-C level is unlikely to represent a CV-specific risk factor given similarities in its associations with non-CV outcomes.
Authors: Adam L Ware; Paul C Young; Cindy Weng; Angela P Presson; L LuAnn Minich; Shaji C Menon Journal: Pediatr Cardiol Date: 2017-10-23 Impact factor: 1.655
Authors: Sankar D Navaneethan; Jesse D Schold; Carl P Walther; Susana Arrigain; Stacey E Jolly; Salim S Virani; Wolfgang C Winkelmayer; Joseph V Nally Journal: J Clin Lipidol Date: 2018-03-30 Impact factor: 4.766
Authors: Mary F Feitosa; Kathryn L Lunetta; Lihua Wang; Mary K Wojczynski; Candace M Kammerer; Thomas Perls; Nicole Schupf; Kaare Christensen; Joanne M Murabito; Michael A Province Journal: Atherosclerosis Date: 2020-02-14 Impact factor: 5.162