Bridget A Knight1,2, Beverley M Shields1, Xuemei He3, Elizabeth N Pearce3, Lewis E Braverman3, Rachel Sturley4, Bijay Vaidya5,6. 1. NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. 2. Research & Development Department, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK. 3. Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Centre for Women's Health, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK. 5. Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK. 6. University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Iodine deficiency in pregnancy may impair foetal neurological development. The UK population is generally thought to be iodine sufficient; however, recent studies have questioned this assumption. Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of iodine deficiency in a cohort of pregnant mothers from South-West England. METHODS: Urine samples were obtained from 308 women participating in a study of breech presentation in late pregnancy. They had no known thyroid disease and a singleton pregnancy at 36-38 weeks' gestation. Samples were analysed for urinary iodine concentrations (UIC). Baseline data included age, parity, smoking status, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) at booking, prenatal vitamin use and a dietary questionnaire. There was no difference in median UIC between women with (n = 156) or without (n = 152) a breech presentation (P = 0·3), so subsequent analyses were carried out as a combined group. RESULTS: Participants had a mean (SD) age 31(5) years, median (IQR) BMI 24·4 (22·0, 28·3) kg/m2 ; 42% were primiparous, 10% smoked during pregnancy, and 35% took iodine-containing vitamins. Ninety-six per cent were Caucasian. Median (IQR) UIC was 88·0 (54·3, 157·5) μg/l, which is consistent with iodine deficiency by WHO criteria. A total of 224/308 (73%) of women had UIC values <150 μg/l. Increasing milk intake was associated with higher UIC (P = 0·02). There was no difference in median (IQR) UIC between those women who took iodine-containing vitamins (n = 108) and those who did not (n = 200): 88 (54, 168) vs 88 (54, 150) μg/l, P = 0·7. CONCLUSION: Iodine deficiency in pregnancy is common in South-West England. Measures to develop optimum prevention and treatment strategies are urgently needed.
INTRODUCTION:Iodine deficiency in pregnancy may impair foetal neurological development. The UK population is generally thought to be iodine sufficient; however, recent studies have questioned this assumption. Our study aimed to explore the prevalence of iodine deficiency in a cohort of pregnant mothers from South-West England. METHODS: Urine samples were obtained from 308 women participating in a study of breech presentation in late pregnancy. They had no known thyroid disease and a singleton pregnancy at 36-38 weeks' gestation. Samples were analysed for urinary iodine concentrations (UIC). Baseline data included age, parity, smoking status, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI) at booking, prenatal vitamin use and a dietary questionnaire. There was no difference in median UIC between women with (n = 156) or without (n = 152) a breech presentation (P = 0·3), so subsequent analyses were carried out as a combined group. RESULTS:Participants had a mean (SD) age 31(5) years, median (IQR) BMI 24·4 (22·0, 28·3) kg/m2 ; 42% were primiparous, 10% smoked during pregnancy, and 35% took iodine-containing vitamins. Ninety-six per cent were Caucasian. Median (IQR) UIC was 88·0 (54·3, 157·5) μg/l, which is consistent with iodine deficiency by WHO criteria. A total of 224/308 (73%) of women had UIC values <150 μg/l. Increasing milk intake was associated with higher UIC (P = 0·02). There was no difference in median (IQR) UIC between those women who took iodine-containing vitamins (n = 108) and those who did not (n = 200): 88 (54, 168) vs 88 (54, 150) μg/l, P = 0·7. CONCLUSION:Iodine deficiency in pregnancy is common in South-West England. Measures to develop optimum prevention and treatment strategies are urgently needed.
Authors: Diane E Threapleton; Dagmar Waiblinger; Charles J P Snart; Elizabeth Taylor; Claire Keeble; Samina Ashraf; Shazia Bi; Ramzi Ajjan; Rafaq Azad; Neil Hancock; Dan Mason; Stephen Reid; Kirsten J Cromie; Nisreen A Alwan; Michael Zimmermann; Paul M Stewart; Nigel A B Simpson; John Wright; Janet E Cade; Laura J Hardie; Darren C Greenwood Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-01-14 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Aniceta A Mikulska; Dorota Filipowicz; Franciszek K Główka; Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska; Marek Ruchała; Michał Bartecki; Marta Karaźniewicz-Łada Journal: Molecules Date: 2021-11-10 Impact factor: 4.411
Authors: K Clara Mayunga; Melany Lim-A-Po; Janniek Lubberts; Eline Stoutjesdijk; Daan J Touw; Frits A J Muskiet; D A Janneke Dijck-Brouwer Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-09-22 Impact factor: 6.706
Authors: Bridget A Knight; Beverley M Shields; Xuemei He; Elizabeth N Pearce; Lewis E Braverman; Rachel Sturley; Bijay Vaidya Journal: Thyroid Res Date: 2018-07-06