Gabriele Pesarini1, Roberto Scarsini1, Carlo Zivelonghi1, Anna Piccoli1, Alessia Gambaro1, Leonardo Gottin1, Andrea Rossi1, Valeria Ferrero1, Corrado Vassanelli1, Flavio Ribichini2. 1. From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (G.P., R.S., C.Z., A.P., A.G., A.R., V.F., C.V., F.R.) and Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (L.G.), University of Verona, Italy. 2. From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine (G.P., R.S., C.Z., A.P., A.G., A.R., V.F., C.V., F.R.) and Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care (L.G.), University of Verona, Italy. flavio.ribichini@univr.it.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Aortic valve stenosis may influence fractional flow reserve (FFR) of concomitant coronary artery disease by causing hypertrophy and reducing the vasodilatory reserve of the coronary circulation. We sought to investigate whether FFR values might change after valve replacement. METHODS AND RESULTS: The functional relevance of 133 coronary lesions was assessed by FFR in 54 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) during the same procedure. A linear mixed model was used to verify the interaction of TAVI effect with the FFR values. No significant overall change in FFR values was found before and after the aortic valve stenosis removal (0.89±0.10 versus 0.89±0.13; P=0.73). A different trend in FFR groups (positive if ≤0.8; negative if >0.8) was found after TAVI (P for interaction <0.001). Positive FFR values worsened after TAVI (0.71±0.11 versus 0.66±0.14). Conversely, negative FFR values improved after TAVI (0.92±0.06 versus 0.93±0.07). Similarly, FFR values in coronary arteries with lesions presenting percent diameter stenosis >50 worsened after TAVI (0.84±0.12 versus 0.82±0.16; P=0.02), whereas FFR values in arteries with mild lesions (percent diameter stenosis <50) tended toward improvement after TAVI (0.90±0.07 versus 0.91±0.09; P=0.69). Functional FFR variations after TAVI changed the indication to treat the coronary stenosis in 8 of 133 (6%) lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary hemodynamics are influenced by aortic valve stenosis removal. Nevertheless, FFR variations after TAVI are minor and crossed the diagnostic cutoff of 0.8 in a small number of patients after valve replacement. Borderline coronary lesions might become functionally significant after valve replacement, although FFR-guided interventions were infrequent even in patients with angiographically significant lesions.
BACKGROUND:Aortic valve stenosis may influence fractional flow reserve (FFR) of concomitant coronary artery disease by causing hypertrophy and reducing the vasodilatory reserve of the coronary circulation. We sought to investigate whether FFR values might change after valve replacement. METHODS AND RESULTS: The functional relevance of 133 coronary lesions was assessed by FFR in 54 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis before and after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) during the same procedure. A linear mixed model was used to verify the interaction of TAVI effect with the FFR values. No significant overall change in FFR values was found before and after the aortic valve stenosis removal (0.89±0.10 versus 0.89±0.13; P=0.73). A different trend in FFR groups (positive if ≤0.8; negative if >0.8) was found after TAVI (P for interaction <0.001). Positive FFR values worsened after TAVI (0.71±0.11 versus 0.66±0.14). Conversely, negative FFR values improved after TAVI (0.92±0.06 versus 0.93±0.07). Similarly, FFR values in coronary arteries with lesions presenting percent diameter stenosis >50 worsened after TAVI (0.84±0.12 versus 0.82±0.16; P=0.02), whereas FFR values in arteries with mild lesions (percent diameter stenosis <50) tended toward improvement after TAVI (0.90±0.07 versus 0.91±0.09; P=0.69). Functional FFR variations after TAVI changed the indication to treat the coronary stenosis in 8 of 133 (6%) lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary hemodynamics are influenced by aortic valve stenosis removal. Nevertheless, FFR variations after TAVI are minor and crossed the diagnostic cutoff of 0.8 in a small number of patients after valve replacement. Borderline coronary lesions might become functionally significant after valve replacement, although FFR-guided interventions were infrequent even in patients with angiographically significant lesions.
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