Elina Puolakka1, Katja Pahkala2,3, Tomi T Laitinen2,3, Costan G Magnussen2,4, Nina Hutri-Kähönen5, Päivi Tossavainen6, Eero Jokinen7, Matthew A Sabin8, Tomi Laitinen9, Marko Elovainio10, Laura Pulkki-Råback10,11, Jorma S A Viikari12, Olli T Raitakari2,13, Markus Juonala2,12. 1. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland elina.a.puolakka@utu.fi. 2. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 3. Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 4. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. 5. Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 6. Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 7. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 8. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. 9. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 10. Unit of Personality, Work and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 11. Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 12. Department of Medicine, University of Turku, and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 13. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We prospectively examined whether family socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or type 2 diabetes in adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The sample comprised 2,250 participants from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study cohort. Participants were 3-18 years old at baseline (mean age 10.6 years), and they were followed for 31 years. SES was characterized as reported annual income of the family and classified on an 8-point scale. RESULTS: For each 1-unit increase in family SES in childhood, the risk for adult MetS decreased (risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.94 [0.90-0.98]; P = 0.003) when adjusted for age, sex, childhood cardiometabolic risk factors (lipids, systolic blood pressure, insulin, and BMI), childhood physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption. The association remained after adjustment for participants' own SES in adulthood (0.95 [0.91-0.99]; P = 0.005). A similar association was seen between childhood SES and the risk of having either adult IFG or type 2 diabetes (0.96 [0.92-0.99]; P = 0.01, age and sex adjusted). This association became nonsignificant after adjustment for childhood risk factors (P = 0.08). Of the individual components of MetS, lower SES in childhood predicted large waist circumference (0.96 [0.93-0.99]; P = 0.003) and a high triglycerides concentration (0.96 [0.92-1.00]; P = 0.04) after adjustment for the aforementioned risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Lower SES in childhood may be associated with an increased risk for MetS, IFG, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Special attention could be paid to children of low SES families to decrease the prevalence of MetS in adulthood.
OBJECTIVE: We prospectively examined whether family socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or type 2 diabetes in adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The sample comprised 2,250 participants from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study cohort. Participants were 3-18 years old at baseline (mean age 10.6 years), and they were followed for 31 years. SES was characterized as reported annual income of the family and classified on an 8-point scale. RESULTS: For each 1-unit increase in family SES in childhood, the risk for adult MetS decreased (risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.94 [0.90-0.98]; P = 0.003) when adjusted for age, sex, childhood cardiometabolic risk factors (lipids, systolic blood pressure, insulin, and BMI), childhood physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption. The association remained after adjustment for participants' own SES in adulthood (0.95 [0.91-0.99]; P = 0.005). A similar association was seen between childhood SES and the risk of having either adult IFG or type 2 diabetes (0.96 [0.92-0.99]; P = 0.01, age and sex adjusted). This association became nonsignificant after adjustment for childhood risk factors (P = 0.08). Of the individual components of MetS, lower SES in childhood predicted large waist circumference (0.96 [0.93-0.99]; P = 0.003) and a high triglycerides concentration (0.96 [0.92-1.00]; P = 0.04) after adjustment for the aforementioned risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Lower SES in childhood may be associated with an increased risk for MetS, IFG, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Special attention could be paid to children of low SES families to decrease the prevalence of MetS in adulthood.
Authors: Thomas E Fuller-Rowell; Lydia K Homandberg; David S Curtis; Vera K Tsenkova; David R Williams; Carol D Ryff Journal: Psychoneuroendocrinology Date: 2019-04-29 Impact factor: 4.905
Authors: Sharon Lewis; Joanne Kennedy; David Burgner; Robert McLachlan; Sarath Ranganathan; Karin Hammarberg; Richard Saffery; David J Amor; Michael M H Cheung; Lex W Doyle; Markus Juonala; Susan Donath; John McBain; Jane Halliday Journal: Reprod Health Date: 2017-09-20 Impact factor: 3.223
Authors: Dennis Schrijnders; Steven H Hendriks; Nanne Kleefstra; Pauline A J Vissers; Jeffrey A Johnson; Geertruida H de Bock; Henk J G Bilo; Gijs W D Landman Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-01-25 Impact factor: 3.240