| Literature DB >> 27795783 |
Khadidiatou Dia1, Simon Antoine Sarr2, Mohamed Cherif Mboup1, Djibril Marie Ba3, Pape Diadie Fall1.
Abstract
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) are widely used for the prevention and curative treatment of thromboembolic events. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects of overdose in Vitamin K antagonists administration and determine its hemorrhagic factors. We conducted a monocentric cross-sectional descriptive study at the Principal Hospital in Dakar. All patients with an INR greater than 5 were included. We studied patients' gender and age, VKA used, drug use period, indications, INR value, associated drugs, presence of hemorrhage, immediate management and evolution. We enrolled 154 patients. Acenocoumarol was the most prescribed VKA. Sex ratio favoured women. The average age was 63 years. Overdose was asymptomatic in 43% of patients. Hemorrhagic symptoms were mainly represented by gingival bleeding, epistaxis. Major bleeding episodes were found in 8.6% of patients and they were represented by melena in 6 patients (3.9%), deep muscle hematoma in 2 patients (1.3%) and intracerebral parenchymal hematoma in 2 patients. Two patients had cardiovascular collapse associated with deglobulisation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) assumption was noted in 21% of patients. VKA assumption was suspended transiently in all patients. Mortality was 2%, due to intracranial hemorrhage. The reduction in VKA overdose requires caregivers to manage overdose factors and provide proper patient education.Entities:
Keywords: INR; VKA haemorrhages; Vitamin K antagonists; overdose; vitamin K
Mesh:
Substances:
Year: 2016 PMID: 27795783 PMCID: PMC5072863 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2016.24.186.8256
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Pan Afr Med J
Caractéristiques démographiques et médicales des patients
| Variables | n | % |
|---|---|---|
|
| 61H /93F | |
|
| ||
| 20-39 ans | 28 | 18,2 |
| 40-59 ans | 36 | 23,4 |
| 60-79 ans | 80 | 51,9 |
| 80-99 ans | 10 | 6,5 |
|
| ||
| Acénocoumarol | 142 | 92,2 |
| Fluindione | 12 | 7,8 |
|
| ||
| Troubles du rythme | 65 | 42,2 |
| Cardiopathies emboligénes | 45 | 29,2 |
| MVTE | 31 | 20,1 |
| Prothèses valvulaires mécaniques | 13 | 8,5 |
|
| ||
| 0-3 mois | 43 | 28 |
| 3-6 mois | 26 | 16,9 |
| 6-9 mois | 19 | 12,3 |
| 9-12 mois | 17 | 11 |
| ˃ 12 mois | 49 | 31,8 |
|
| 30 | 19,4 |
|
| 9 | 5,8 |
|
| ||
| AINS | 32 | 20,8 |
| Amiodarone | 22 | 14,3 |
| ATB | 13 | 8,4 |
| Antifongiques | 11 | 7,1 |
| AAP | 11 | 7,1 |
| IPP | 9 | 5,9 |
| Total | 98 | 63,6 |
MVTE: maladie veineuse thrombo-embolique; AINS: anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens; ATB: antibiotiques, AAP: antiagrégants plaquettaires, IPP: inhibiteur de la pompe à protons
Présentation clinique des surdosages
| Symptômes | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatique | 66 | 42,9 |
| Gingivorragies | 29 | 18,8 |
| Hémoptysies | 18 | 11,7 |
| Epistaxis | 14 | 9 |
| Hématuries | 7 | 4,5 |
| Ecchymoses | 8 | 5,2 |
| Mélénas | 6 | 3,9 |
| Hématome musculaire profond | 3 | 2 |
| Hématome cérébral | 3 | 2 |
Mesures correctrices des surdosages en AVK en fonction de l’INR: recommandations HAS 2008
| INR mesuré | INR cible entre 2 et 3 | INR cible ≥ 3 |
|---|---|---|
| 4 ≤ INR < 6 | -Saut d’une prise | - Pas de saut de prise |
| -Pas d’apport de vit K | - Pas d’apport de vit K | |
| 6 ≤ INR < 10 | -Arrêt du traitement | - Saut d’une prise |
| -1 à 2 mg de vit K par VO | - Avis spécialisé recommandé pour discuter un traitement éventuel par 1 à 2 mg de vit K par VO | |
| INR ≥ 10 | -Arrêt du traitement | - Un avis spécialisé sans délai ou une hospitalisation est recommandé |