Mattia Arrigo1,2, Etienne Gayat1, Jiri Parenica3, Shiro Ishihara4, Jian Zhang5, Dong-Ju Choi6, Jin Joo Park6, Khalid F Alhabib7, Naoki Sato4, Oscar Miro8, Aldo P Maggioni9, Yuhui Zhang5, Jindrich Spinar3, Alain Cohen-Solal10, Theodore J Iwashyna11, Alexandre Mebazaa1. 1. INSERM UMR-S 942, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, APHP-Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, Paris, France. 2. Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 3. Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. 4. Division of Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Musashi-Kosugi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan. 5. Heart Failure Center Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. 6. Division Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. 7. Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 8. Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic and 'Emergencies: Processes and Pathologies' Research Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain. 9. ANMCO Research Center, Florence, Italy. 10. INSERM UMR-S 942, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Department of Cardiology, APHP-Lariboisière University Hospital, Paris, France. 11. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Abstract
AIMS: Several clinical conditions may precipitate acute heart failure (AHF) and influence clinical outcome. In this study we hypothesized that precipitating factors are independently associated with 90-day risk of death in AHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population consisted of 15 828 AHF patients from Europe and Asia. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality according to identified precipitating factors of AHF [acute coronary syndrome (ACS), infection, atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension, and non-compliance]. Mortality at 90 days was 15.8%. AHF precipitated by ACS or by infection showed increased 90-day risk of death compared with AHF without identified precipitants [hazard ratio (HR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44-1.97, P < 0.001; and HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.18-1.92, P = 0.001), while AHF precipitated by AF showed lower 90-day risk of death (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42-0.75, P < 0.001), after multivariable adjustment. The risk of death in AHF precipitated by ACS was the highest during the first week after admission, while in AHF precipitated by infection the risk of death had a delayed peak at week 3. In AHF precipitated by AF, a trend toward reduced risk of death during the first weeks was shown. At weeks 5-6, AHF precipitated by ACS, infection, or AF showed similar risk of death to that of AHF without identified precipitants. CONCLUSIONS: Precipitating factors are independently associated with 90-day mortality in AHF. AHF precipitated by ACS or infection is independently associated with higher, while AHF precipitated by AF is associated with lower 90-day risk of death.
AIMS: Several clinical conditions may precipitate acute heart failure (AHF) and influence clinical outcome. In this study we hypothesized that precipitating factors are independently associated with 90-day risk of death in AHF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population consisted of 15 828 AHF patients from Europe and Asia. The primary outcome was 90-day all-cause mortality according to identified precipitating factors of AHF [acute coronary syndrome (ACS), infection, atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension, and non-compliance]. Mortality at 90 days was 15.8%. AHF precipitated by ACS or by infection showed increased 90-day risk of death compared with AHF without identified precipitants [hazard ratio (HR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44-1.97, P < 0.001; and HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.18-1.92, P = 0.001), while AHF precipitated by AF showed lower 90-day risk of death (HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42-0.75, P < 0.001), after multivariable adjustment. The risk of death in AHF precipitated by ACS was the highest during the first week after admission, while in AHF precipitated by infection the risk of death had a delayed peak at week 3. In AHF precipitated by AF, a trend toward reduced risk of death during the first weeks was shown. At weeks 5-6, AHF precipitated by ACS, infection, or AF showed similar risk of death to that of AHF without identified precipitants. CONCLUSIONS: Precipitating factors are independently associated with 90-day mortality in AHF. AHF precipitated by ACS or infection is independently associated with higher, while AHF precipitated by AF is associated with lower 90-day risk of death.
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Authors: Elke Platz; Pardeep S Jhund; Brian L Claggett; Marc A Pfeffer; Karl Swedberg; Christopher B Granger; Salim Yusuf; Scott D Solomon; John J McMurray Journal: Eur J Heart Fail Date: 2017-09-04 Impact factor: 15.534