Emi Saita1, Kotaro Miura1, Norie Suzuki-Sugihara1, Koutaro Miyata1, Nobuhiro Ikemura1, Reiko Ohmori1, Yukinori Ikegami1, Yoshimi Kishimoto1, Kazuo Kondo1, Yukihiko Momiyama2. 1. From the Endowed Research Department "Food for Health" (E.S., Y.K., K.K.) and Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences (N.S.-S.), Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Japan (K. Miura, K. Miyata, N.I., Y.I., Y.M.); Faculty of Regional Design, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan (R.O.); and Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan (K.K.). 2. From the Endowed Research Department "Food for Health" (E.S., Y.K., K.K.) and Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences (N.S.-S.), Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Japan (K. Miura, K. Miyata, N.I., Y.I., Y.M.); Faculty of Regional Design, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan (R.O.); and Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan (K.K.). ymomiyamajp@yahoo.co.jp.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Transforming growth factor-β inhibits migration and proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Endoglin is a transmembrane receptor for transforming growth factor-β1 and transforming growth factor-β3. Endoglin is released into blood as a soluble form (soluble endoglin [sEng]), but plasma sEng levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have not been elucidated. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We measured plasma sEng levels in 244 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was evaluated as the numbers of >50% stenotic vessels and segments. CAD was found in 147 patients, of whom 55 had 1-vessel, 42 had 2-vessel, and 50 had 3-vessel disease. Compared with 97 patients without CAD, 147 with CAD had lower sEng levels (median 4.04 versus 4.37 ng/mL; P<0.005). A stepwise decrease in sEng levels was found based on the number of stenotic vessels: 4.37 in CAD(-), 4.23 in 1-vessel, 4.13 in 2-vessel, and 3.74 ng/mL in 3-vessel disease (P<0.005). sEng levels inversely correlated with the number of stenotic segments (r=-0.25; P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, sEng was an independent factor for 3-vessel disease and CAD. Odds ratios for CAD and 3-vessel disease were 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.95-0.99; P<0.02) and 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.99; P<0.01) for a 0.1 ng/mL increase in sEng levels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma sEng levels were low in patients with CAD, especially 3-vessel disease, and were inversely associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
OBJECTIVE: Transforming growth factor-β inhibits migration and proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Endoglin is a transmembrane receptor for transforming growth factor-β1 and transforming growth factor-β3. Endoglin is released into blood as a soluble form (soluble endoglin [sEng]), but plasma sEng levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have not been elucidated. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We measured plasma sEng levels in 244 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was evaluated as the numbers of >50% stenotic vessels and segments. CAD was found in 147 patients, of whom 55 had 1-vessel, 42 had 2-vessel, and 50 had 3-vessel disease. Compared with 97 patients without CAD, 147 with CAD had lower sEng levels (median 4.04 versus 4.37 ng/mL; P<0.005). A stepwise decrease in sEng levels was found based on the number of stenotic vessels: 4.37 in CAD(-), 4.23 in 1-vessel, 4.13 in 2-vessel, and 3.74 ng/mL in 3-vessel disease (P<0.005). sEng levels inversely correlated with the number of stenotic segments (r=-0.25; P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, sEng was an independent factor for 3-vessel disease and CAD. Odds ratios for CAD and 3-vessel disease were 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.95-0.99; P<0.02) and 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.99; P<0.01) for a 0.1 ng/mL increase in sEng levels, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma sEng levels were low in patients with CAD, especially 3-vessel disease, and were inversely associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
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